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the rising sugar consumption and imperfection in oral hygiene prophylaxis.3. Dental plaque: Dental plaque is unmineralized bacterial deposite that builds up on the teeth. It consists of adhesive matrix and bacteria. If not removed, it can lead to dental caries or periodontal diseases.4. Purposes of dental caries restoration :? To restore the integrity of the tooth surface.? To restore the function of the tooth.? To restore the appearance of the tooth.? To remove the diseased tissue from the tooth.Essay questions:1. Hypothesis about the etiology of dental Caries: Fourfactor theoryThere are four main factors required for caries formation: a tooth surface (enamel or dentin)。 cariescausing bacteria。 fermentable carbohydrates (such as sucrose) and time.TeethThere are certain diseases affecting teeth which may leave an individual at a greater risk for caries. Dentin and cementum are more susceptible to caries than enamel because they have lower mineral content. Thus, when root surfaces of teeth are exposed from gingival recess