【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 and NiemannPick are similar, often fatal diseases. Because Jews were discriminated against in medieval Europe, they were often driven into professions such as money lending and banking which were looked down upon or forbidden for Christians. Historians suggest that Jews with lucrative jobs often had four, six, or sometimes even eight or nine children. Poorer families, meanwhile, tended to be smaller, possibly because they lived in over hundreds areas in which children were more prone to disease. As a result, the researchers say, over hundreds of years the Jewish population of Europe became more intelligent than their gentile countrymen. But increased intelligence may have e at a cost, with geic diseases such as TaySachs Being side effects of genes that facilitate intelligence. Researchers argue that highly unlikely that mutated genes responsible for these illnesses could have reached such high levels in Ashkenazim if they were not connected to cognitive performance. While the link is difficult to prove, there is some evidence that Gaucher disease does increase a person’s IQ. Around one in three people of working age who were patients of the Gaucher Clinic at the Shaare Zedek Medical Centre in Jerusalem had professions requiring an average IQ of more than group included scientists, academics, physicians, and accountants. Modernday Ashkenazim are now far more likely to marry outside their ethnic group. A researcher says that he would expect a tendency for both higher IQs and associated geic disorders to bee less marked over time. 46. According to the first paragraph, Ashkenazim are__ __ A. more intelligent than other Jews. B. more likely to be sick than other Jews. C. endowed with natural ability because of geic diseases. D. more likely to be born with geic diseases. to the article, Ashkenazim are related to the Jewish people in__ __ A. the whole Europe and Eastern Asia. B. Eastern Europe and a few other European countries. C. Eastern Europe and a few Asian countries. D. Eastern Europe and Germany ,Gaucher39。s and NiemannPick are__ __ A. diseases caused by absence of an enzyme. 5 B. 1ifethreatening geic diseases. C. diseases that make people more intelligent. D. the same disease with different terms. “l(fā)ucrative job” may most probably be a job which is__ __ A. profitable. B. unsteady. C. challenging. D. permanent. underlined sentence in paragraph 7 roughly means that the researchers believe that__ __ A. mutated genes have a negative influence on Ashkenazim’s intelligence. B. mutated genes have played a role in Ashkenazim’s intelligence. C. the Ashkenazim’s high intelligence is caused by the mutated genes. D. the Ashkenazim’s illnesses have greatly handicapped their performance. Passage Three Sometimes it’s just hard to choose. You’re in a restaurant and the waiter has his pen at the ready. As you hesitate, he gradually begins to take a close interest in the ceiling, his fingernails, then in your dining partner. Each dish on the menu bees a blur as you roll your eyes up and down in a growing panic. Finally, you desperately opt for something that turns out to be what you hate. It seems that we need devices to protect us from our hopelessness at deciding between 57 barely differentiated varieties of stuff—be they TV channels, gourmet coffee, downloadable ring tones, or perhaps, ultimately even interchangeable lovers. This thought is opposed to our government’s philosophy, which suggests that greater choice over railways, electricity suppliers and education will make us happy. In my experience, they do anything but that. Perhaps the happiest people are those who do not have much choice and aren’t confronted by the misery of endless choice. True, that misery may not be obvious to people who don’t have a variety of luxuries. If you live in Madagascar, say, where average life expectancy is below 40 and they don’t have digital TV or Starbucks, you might not be impressed by the anxiety and perpetual stress our decision—making paralysis causes. Choice wasn’t supposed to make people miserable. It was supposed to be the hallmark of selfdetermination that we so cherish in capitalist western society. But it obviously isn’t： ever more choice increases the feeling of missed opportunities, and this leads to selfblame when choices fail to meet expectations. What is to be done? A new book by an American social scientist, Barry Schwartz, called The Paradox of Choice, suggests that reducing choices can limit anxiety. Schwartz offers a selfhelp guide to good decision making that helps us to limit our choices to a manageable number, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices we make. This is a capitalist response to a capitalist problem. But once you realize that your Schwartzian filters are depriving you of something you might have found enjoyable, you will experience the same anxiety as before, worrying that you made the wrong decision in drawing up your choice—limiting filters. Arguably, we will always be doomed to buyers’ remorse and the misery it entails. The problem of choice is perhaps more difficult than Schwartz allows. 51. The waiter mentioned in Paragraph 1 would agree that given a variety of choice__ __ A. it is mon for his customer to hesitate in ordering a meal. B. it is impolite for his customer to order with hesitation. C. it is difficult for his customer to expect quality food. D. it is possible to get know his customer’s partner. 52. It is implied that it is the government’s intention to__ __ A. improve the quality of TV programs. B. try to offer greater choice over public service systems. C. make people realize that some lovers are interchangeable. D. encourage the downloading of a variety of ring tones.