【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 tion of nutrients 杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加 ? 粘液增加 ， 降低營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)吸收 Hemagglutins (lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素） 2022 Intestinal health 28 Bes et al. CONFIDENTIAL Accumulation of nutrients in GI tract胃腸道營(yíng)養(yǎng)物富積 Loss of endogenous protein 內(nèi)源蛋白損失 Cells fusion細(xì)胞融合 Cells lesions細(xì)胞病變 Hemagglutins in feed 飼料中的凝集素 Link with enterocytes與腸細(xì)胞結(jié)合 Digestion消化 Absorption吸收 Performance 生產(chǎn)性能 Hemagglutins (lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素） 2022 Intestinal health 29 A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality 吸收細(xì)胞 隱窩 杯狀細(xì)胞 固有層 粘膜肌層 內(nèi)分泌細(xì)胞 CONFIDENTIAL Raw soybean meal fed for 3 days 飼喂生豆粕 3天 Raw soybean meal fed for 10 days 飼喂生豆粕 10天 Processed soybean meal fed for 10 days 飼喂加工后的豆粕 10天 Durigan, by Bes et al. Hemagglutins (lectins): effect on small intestine villi 血凝素（植物凝集素）：對(duì)小腸絨毛的影響 2022 Intestinal health 30 CONFIDENTIAL Intestinal lesions caused by hemagglutins 凝集素引起小腸病變 VI = Normal villi VI=正常絨毛 VE = Damaged villi – extruded VE=受損絨毛 倒伏的 VE A B = antinutritional factor B=抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)因子 A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality (Giachetto) A = normal A=正常 VI Hemagglutins (lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素） 2022 Intestinal health 31 CONFIDENTIAL Soybean meal豆粕 TIA (mg/g) Lectin (mg/g)凝集素 Weight gain (g)增重 Raw Conventional 生的傳統(tǒng)的 75 d Raw low TIA 生的低 TIA的 134 b Raw low lectin 生的低凝集素的 93 c Commercial商業(yè)性的 199 a Persson Antinutritional effect of soybean on broiler performance (day 817 of age) 大豆對(duì)肉仔雞生產(chǎn)性能的不良影響（ 817日齡） Hemagglutins (lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素） 2022 Intestinal health 32 TIA = Trypsin Inhibitory ActivityTIA=胰蛋白酶抑制因子 P CONFIDENTIAL 33 Intestinal health FEEDING: NON STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES 飼料：非淀粉多糖 2022 CONFIDENTIAL ? Long chain carbohydrates, mainly present in the cell wall of vegetables長(zhǎng)鏈碳水化合物 ， 主要存在于植物細(xì)胞壁中 ? All cereals used in broiler diets contain NSPs用于肉仔雞飼料中的所有谷物都含有 NSPs Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖 2022 Intestinal health 34 Souza, Cousins, Yegani CONFIDENTIAL CATEGORY類別 MONOMERIC RESIDUES殘基 SOURCES來(lái)源 Cellulose纖維素 Glucose葡萄糖 Most cereals amp。 legumes 大部分谷物和豆類 Mixed linked 223。 glucans 223。葡聚糖 Glucose葡萄糖 Barley, oats, rye 大麥，燕麥，黑麥 Arabinoxylans 阿拉伯木聚糖 Xylose, arabinose 木糖，阿拉伯糖 Rye, wheat, barley 黑麥，小麥，大麥 Arabinogalactans 阿拉伯半乳聚糖 Galactose, arabinose 半乳糖，阿拉伯糖 Cereals amp。 by products 谷物及其副產(chǎn)品 Xyloglucans木葡聚糖 Glucose, xylose葡萄糖，木糖 Cereal amp。 cereal flours谷物以及谷物面粉 Rhamnogalacturans 鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖 Uronic acids, rhamnose 糖醛酸，鼠李糖 Pea hulls豌豆殼 Galactans 半乳聚糖 Galactose半乳糖 Soybean meal, sugar beet pulp豆粕，甜菜粕 Yegani Cell wall NSPs細(xì)胞壁 NSPs 2022 Intestinal health 35 CONFIDENTIAL CATEGORY類別 MONOMERIC RESIDUES殘基 SOURCES來(lái)源 Fructans果聚糖 Fructose果糖 Rye黑麥 Mannans甘露聚糖 Mannose甘露糖 Coconut cake, palm cake 椰子餅，棕櫚餅 Pectins果膠 Uronic acids, rhamnose 糖醛酸，鼠李糖 Apple, sugar beet pulp 蘋(píng)果，甜菜粕 Galactomannans半乳甘露聚糖 Galactose, mannose 半乳糖，甘露糖 Guar gum 瓜爾豆膠 Yegani Non cell wall NSPs 非細(xì)胞壁 NSPs 2022 Intestinal health 36 CONFIDENTIAL ? Negative effect on:不良作用于： enzymatic activity酶活 bile salt activity膽汁鹽分泌 transport of nutrients營(yíng)養(yǎng)素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) ? They absorb water and increase the intestine viscosity非淀粉多糖吸收水 ， 增加腸道食糜粘度 ? Diets with high viscosity increase microbial activity, due to more undigested nutrients available in the anterior part of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in higher microbial fermentation 日糧粘度高可提高微生物活性 ， 由于未消化的可被利用營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)蓄積在胃腸道前端 ， 引起微生物大量發(fā)酵 Reduced performance降低生產(chǎn)性能 Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖 2022 Intestinal health 37 Souza, Cousins CONFIDENTIAL Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖 2022 Intestinal health 38 Increased prod. of endogenous enzymes 提高內(nèi)源酶產(chǎn)生量 Increased substrate concentration 增加底物濃度 NSP非淀粉多糖 Reduced digestion and absorption 消化和吸收受阻 Reduced weight gain Worse FCR降低日增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率 Proliferation of intestinal flora 腸道微生物增殖 Reduced intestinal transit降低腸道營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)速率 Increased intestinal viscosity增加腸道食糜粘度 Reduced interaction enzymes /substrate減弱酶 /底物相互作用 Increased production of mucopolisaccarides 提高粘多糖生成量 Increased losses for maintenance 維持代謝增強(qiáng) A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality (Buhler et al.) CONFIDENTIAL Effect of NPS on the metabolism of intestine AA and flora 非淀粉多糖對(duì)小腸氨基酸和微生物區(qū)系代謝的影響 Dietary amino acids日糧氨基酸 Antimicrobials抗生素 Increase Cytokines Pre inflamation 炎性細(xì)胞因子增加 Increased use of AA by mucosa粘膜對(duì)氨基酸的利用提高 Proliferating crypt cells隱窩細(xì)胞增殖 Bacterias細(xì)菌 Villi絨毛 Reduced AA absorption 氨基酸吸收降低 Blood血液 NH4 Toxins毒素 A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality (Burrin amp。 Stoll) 2022 Intestinal health 39 CONFIDENTIAL Colony forming units (log CFU/g) and viscosity (Pas) in cecal content in broilers fed with corn or wheat + barley diets玉米或小麥 +大麥日糧對(duì)肉仔雞盲腸內(nèi)容物中微生物定植 (log CFU/g)和粘度 (Pas)的影響 Diet日糧 Corn玉米 Wheat + barley 小麥 +大麥 Facultative兼性菌 a b E. Coli大腸桿菌 a b Viscosity*粘度 1,074 a 1,638 b * Supernatant of intestinal content (Pascalseconds)腸道內(nèi)容物上清液（帕斯卡 /秒） A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality (Mathlouthi et al.) Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖 2022 Intestinal health 40 P CONFIDENTIAL Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖 2022 Intestinal health 41 A. Maiorka, Master Intestine Quality CONFIDENTIAL 42 Intestinal health FEEDING: TANNINS 飼料：?jiǎn)螌? 2022 CONFIDENTIAL ? Naturally phenolic pounds, based on gallic esters of glucose or oligomers of flavanoids自然存在的酚醛類化合物 ， 是葡萄糖酸酯或類黃酮低聚物 ? Present in shum, millet, barley, faba beans, .....存在于高粱 、 粟 、大麥 、 蠶豆中 ? High molecular weight分子量大 ? Can precipitate (different from others phenolic pounds/ polyphenols )可沉