【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 川 ?glacial 冰川的 ?glacial epoch / period冰川期 ?iceberg冰山 Topic 1 : Geology Read Passage 1 Topic 2 American geography (美國(guó)地理 ) Northeast America ?Maryland, ?Delaware(特拉華州 ), ? New Jersey, ? Pennsylvania, ? New York , ? Connecticut(康涅狄格州 ), Rhode Island(羅德島 ), Massachusett Vermont(佛蒙特州 ), New Hampshire(新罕布什爾州 ), Maine(緬因州 ) ? North America : the land ?The Smallest : the smallest state is Rhode Island, which has 36 islands ? The Shortest : New Hampshire has the shortest seacoast(18 miles) ? The Oldest : the oldest mountains in North America are the Appalachian Mountain . ?Northeast America : cities ? Boston , Philadelphia ? New York City, ?Washington ? North America : the economy ? Megalopolis : New York City, ?Wall Street is in south of Manhattan ?Statue of Liberty ?Hudson River ? A capital city : Washington . ? Capitol (國(guó)會(huì)大廈 ) ? Congress (國(guó)會(huì) ) ? National Mall (草地廣場(chǎng) ) ? North America : the culture ? New York City is the largest city in the nation with million people. ? The Library of Congress in . contains 80 million items in 470 languages. It is probably the biggest library in the world. ? The Declare of Independence was signed in Philadelphia in 1776 ? The nation’s first college was Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ? Great Lakes : ?Lake Superior ?Lake Michigan ?Lake Huron ?Lake Erie ?Lake Ontario ? Main States ?Minnesota ?Wisconsin ?Illinois ?Indiana ?Michigan ?Ohio Midwest of America ? Chicago：鋼鐵城 。 Detroit : 汽車城 ? Characteristics : ? abundance of ore， forestation, labor ? benefit from the transportation connection ? The land : ? The Midwest is the flattest region in the US. It is the only one with no mountain ranges ? The Midwest has more lakes than any other region in the country Midwest of America The Midwest of America ? One of the world’s biggest open pit iron mines operates near Hibbing, Minnesota ? The tallest building in the United States is in Chicago. It is the Sears Tower, 110 stories or 1454 feet tall ? More cars and trucks are made in Michigan cities , such as Detroit and Flint ? Because Kansas is the nation’s top wheatgrowing state, it has been called the breadbasket of America The Midwest of America ? Famous Universities : ? The University of Chicago ? The Northwest University ? Michigan University ? Illinois Institute of Technology The west of America ? Main States : ? Washington ? Oregon ? California ? Nevada California ? With many big cities including San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego, California has the most people of any state ? Hollywood and Disneyland ? The land : ? The tallest tree in the world is the General Sherman tree in California’s Sequoia National Park. It is 368 feet tall and is 3000 to 4000 years old ? Rocky Mountain is called the ―the backbone ‖ of America. The mountains form a line called the continental Divide. ? The Dead Valley is in sunny southern California. It is called ―ground on fire‖. On a summer day the air is usually around 100 degrees in the shade. ? The economy ? Redmond, Washington is home to the biggest personal puter software pany in the world , Microsoft ? Boeing , the largest aircraft manufacturer in the world , is one of Seattle’s most important employers. ? Silicon Valley in California is a cluster of towns that are hightech today. Silicon is used to make puter chips that are brains of puters The West of America ? Universities ? UC of Berkeley ? UC of . ? Stanford University ? the University of Washington corn , rice tobacco , cotton manufactured goods finished product New words summary : Geography ? hemisphere 半球 equator赤道 ? latitude緯線 longitude經(jīng)線 / 經(jīng)度 ? altitude 海拔 horizon地平線 ? topography 地形 / 地形學(xué) ? plain平原 basin盆地 ? lowland 低地 oasis綠洲 ? plateau / highland 高地 New words summary : Geography ? waterfall 瀑布 cascade小瀑布、噴流 ? reef 暗礁 coral reef珊瑚礁 ? tide湖水 dune沙丘 ? cliff山崖 valley山谷 ? hillside / mountain slope 山坡 ? canyon / ge峽谷 channel / strait 海峽 ? the primeval forest原始森林 ? tropical rain forest熱帶雨林 Topic 2 American Geography Read Passage 2 Topic 3 American History (美國(guó)歷史 ) ? PreColumbian period ? The earliest known inhabitants of what is now the United States are thought to have arrived in Alaska by crossing the Bering land bridge, at least 14,000 – 30,000 years ago. Some of these groups migrated south and east, and over time spread throughout the Americas. ?These were the ancestors to modern Native Americans in the United States and Alaskan Native peoples, as well as all indigenous peoples of the Americas. Mississippian culture Around 900 – 1450 AD the Mississippian culture developed and spread through the Eastern United States, primarily along the river valleys. The location where the Mississippian culture is first clearly developed is located in Illinois. Colonial Period ?After a period of exploration by people from various European countries, Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Swedish, and Portuguese settlements were established. ? Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day bee . territory when he came to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493, during his second voyage. ? In the 15th century, Europeans brought horses, cattle, and hogs to the Americas and, in turn, took back to Europe corn, potatoes,