【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 as very happy to see me! 7 The old man took me to a food stall. He bought some food and gave me to your mother. She gave me to you as pocket money. 8 Then you washed me to make me clean again. I felt so happy that I decided to tell you my story! 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 概念理解 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之間的關(guān)系。 （ 1）當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 時(shí)，主、謂之間的關(guān)系稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； （ 2）當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者 時(shí)，主、謂之間的關(guān)系稱為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： He teaches us English. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）他教我們英語(yǔ)。 Our English is taught by him. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）我們的英語(yǔ)是由他教的。 He speaks English. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）他說(shuō)英文。 English is spoken in many countries all over the world. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）世界許多國(guó)家都講英語(yǔ)。 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是 be + 過(guò)去分詞。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，這個(gè)變化反映在 be動(dòng)詞上。也就是說(shuō)，把一個(gè)句子做成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，只需要寫出 be動(dòng)詞的所需時(shí)態(tài)，再加上所給動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞就行了。當(dāng)然，這只是指謂語(yǔ)部分而言。我們知道， be動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有自己現(xiàn)在分詞（ being）和過(guò)去分詞 （ been）。那么，下面我們來(lái)看看 be在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的變化形式： 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)否定式 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) I tell I am told I am not told 一般過(guò)去時(shí) I told I was told I was not told 一般將來(lái)時(shí) I will tell I will be told I won’t be told 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) I’m telling I am being told I am not being told 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I have told I have been told I haven’t been told 例如： 1. English is spoken in New Zealand. 2. I wasn’t invited, but I’ve e anyway. 3. It is going to be made by him. 4. He will be told later on. building has been built for three years. dishes can be washed in half an hour. 7. My car is being repaired. English is spoken in many countries all over the world . （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）世界上許多國(guó)家都講英文。 Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般過(guò)去時(shí)）那家商場(chǎng)用來(lái)出售的部分電視機(jī)昨晚被盜。 He won39。t be allowed to marry Larra by his father. （一般將來(lái)時(shí)）他父親不會(huì)讓他娶拉拉為妻的。 They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）他們結(jié)束訓(xùn)練時(shí)將被派往部隊(duì)。 The project is being carried out. （現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）這個(gè)計(jì)劃正在執(zhí)行中。 The case was being investigated then. （過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）那時(shí)這案子正在調(diào)查中。 This novel has been translated into several languages. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）這本小說(shuō)已被譯成了幾種語(yǔ)言。 They said that production costs had been reduced. （過(guò)去完成時(shí)）他們說(shuō)生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)下降了。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，能用主?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： (1) 不清楚動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí) , 例如 : The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。 (2) 說(shuō)話人對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的興趣大于對(duì)主語(yǔ)的興趣 （這時(shí)可用 by引導(dǎo) 出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者），例如： My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的電視機(jī)正在這店里修。 (3) 出于 修辭 的原因，或是說(shuō)為了更好地安排句子。 幾種特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (1) 關(guān)于帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的固定句式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + 過(guò)去分詞”。例如： The debt must be paid off before next month. 那筆債務(wù)必須在下個(gè)月前付清。 Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 油經(jīng)過(guò)燃燒可變?yōu)槟茉础? (2) 關(guān)于帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài) 我們先來(lái)看看“帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)態(tài)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)”，重點(diǎn)看謂語(yǔ)部分 ： She sent me a novel on my birthday . 主 謂 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) I allowed him an hour to finish the work . 主 謂 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主動(dòng) ) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被動(dòng) ) A novel was