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生物專業(yè)英語biologicalenglish(編輯修改稿)

2024-11-17 08:32 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行為主義者認(rèn)為,如果兒童的成長環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素,這些因素又有利于其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展,那么,兒童的智力就會(huì)發(fā)展到較高的水平。 45 例 2. For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit fortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如,對于一個(gè)四口之家來說,舒舒服服地在家中看電視,就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的娛樂節(jié)目,這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。 46 長句的翻譯方法 順序法。 當(dāng)英語長句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時(shí),可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。 47 例 1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms airconditioned. 即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)時(shí),電仍在為我們工作:幫我們開動(dòng)電冰箱,把水加熱,或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 48 例 2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. 可是現(xiàn)在人們意識到,其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的,人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”,也就是說,經(jīng)過若干年后,這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡。 49 逆序法。 英語有些長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同 , 甚至完全相反 , 這時(shí)必須從原文后面開始翻譯。 50 例 1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nieenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being bined with other elements, most monly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起,最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合;因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力,由于這個(gè)原因,在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。所以,鋁直到 19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。 51 例 2. It therefore bees more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. 因此,如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們 (上大學(xué) )的機(jī)會(huì),就得為他們提供大量關(guān)于課程的更為詳盡的信息,作更多的指導(dǎo)。這個(gè)問題顯得越來越重要了。 52 分句法。 有時(shí)英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切,翻譯時(shí)可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣,把長句的從句或短語化成句子,分開來敘述 ,為了使語意連貫,有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。 53 例 1. The number of the young people in the United States who can`t read is incredible about one in four. 大約有 1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力,這簡直令人難以置信。 54 例 2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. 人們常說,通過電視可以了解時(shí)事,掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。 55 綜合法。 上面我們講述了英語長句的逆序法、順序法和分句法,事實(shí)上,在翻譯一個(gè)英語長句時(shí),并不只是單純地使用一種翻譯方法,而是要求我們把各種方法綜合使用,這在我們上面所舉的例子中也有所體現(xiàn)。 尤其是在一些情況下,一些英語長句單純采用上述任何一種方法都不方便,這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析,或按照時(shí)間的先后,或按照邏輯順序,順逆結(jié)合,主次分明地對全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語句子。 56 例 1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else. 盡管警察已接到命令 , 要作好準(zhǔn)備以應(yīng)付緊急情況 , 但人們不敢出門 , 因?yàn)榫煲埠推渌艘粯硬恢牒蜔o能為力。 57 例 2. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband`s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself。 she must have economic rights to survive. 易卜生的劇作 《 玩偶之家 》 中的女主人公娜拉離家出走,因?yàn)樗鲪核恼煞蛳駥Υ⒆右粯觼韺ΥW骷音斞笍闹械玫絾⑹荆瑥亩嬲]人們娜拉得需要錢來養(yǎng)活自己,她要生存就必須有經(jīng)濟(jì)上的權(quán)利。 58 ( 2)被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用頻繁(描述客觀); ? It has been found experimentally that the ratio of the amounts of adenine(腺嘌呤) to thymine(胸腺嘧啶) , and the ratio of guanine(鳥嘌呤) to cytosine(胞嘧啶) , are always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid ( DNA) 59 ? ( 3)名詞性詞組多;分詞使用頻繁;介詞短語多(可使語言精練); ? Gene therapy involves the repair or correction of the machinery。 ? 基因治療包括遺傳系統(tǒng)的修復(fù)或糾正 ? ( 4)專業(yè)術(shù)語多;縮略詞多;合成詞多;插圖,表格,公式,數(shù)字所占比例大。 60 三、生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語的內(nèi)容 (1)掌握構(gòu)詞法(派生,轉(zhuǎn)換,合成),擴(kuò)大詞匯量。 (2)閱讀英文原始文獻(xiàn)資料,擴(kuò)大知識面,掌握生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語的語言規(guī)律,提高閱讀,寫作,翻譯水平以及實(shí)際應(yīng)用生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語的能力。 (3)鞏固英語基礎(chǔ)知識,提高應(yīng)用英語的能力(大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱要求大學(xué)生修完大學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)課程后必須學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)英語。) 61 四 、 生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語的學(xué)習(xí)方法 ( 1) 識記專業(yè)詞匯,擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍 ( 2) 鞏固英語語法基礎(chǔ),掌握科技英語的語言特點(diǎn) ( 3) 針對應(yīng)用文體加強(qiáng)翻譯、寫作練習(xí) 62 五、生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語參考資料 ? 科技英語語法新編 新時(shí)代出版社 1 ? BA ( Biological Abstracts); Science (USA); Nature (GB.) ? 英漢生物學(xué)詞典(第三版) ? 英漢大學(xué)生物學(xué)詞匯 ? 金山詞霸 ? OnLine Biology Book arabee/BIOBK/ 63 Scope of field in Biology ? Biology : The science of living anisms, concerned with the study of embryology(胚胎學(xué) ), anatomy(解剖學(xué) ), physiology, cytology, morphology, taxonomy, geics, evolution, and ecology .生物學(xué) 64 ? Biochemistry : The study of the chemical substances that occur in living anisms, the processes by which these substances enter into or are formed in the anisms and react with each other and environment, and the methods by which the substances and processes are identified, characterized,and measured ( Chemical processes associated with living things. ) 生物化學(xué) 65 ? Anatomy: The branch of morphology concerned with the gross (總的 ) and microscopic structure of animal, especially ? Immunology : The division of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with 66 ? Biophysics : The hybrid science involving the methods and ideas of physics and chemistry to study and explain the structures of living anisms and the mechanics of living 67 ? Cytology: The branch of biological science that deals with the structure, behavior, growth, and reproduction of cells and the function and chemistry of cells and cell 68 ? Ecology : The study of the interrelationships between anisms and their ? Embryology : The study of the development of the anisms and the zygote(受精卵 ), or fertilized 學(xué) 69 ? Evolution : The processes of biological and anic change in anisms by which descendants( 后代 ) e to differ from their ancestors, and a history of the sequence of such change. 生物進(jìn)化 70 ? Geics : The science concerned with biological inheritance( 遺傳 ), that is, with the causes of the resemblanc
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