【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 2020, a People?s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy SONGclass dieselelectric submarine broached the surface in close proximity to the USS KITTY HAWK aircraft carrier in waters near Japan. This incident demonstrated the importance of longstanding . efforts to improve the safety of . and Chinese military air and maritime assets operating near each other. In 2020, these efforts produced a two phased bilateral search and rescue exercise with the PLA Navy (one phase off the . coast, the second off the PRC coast). 2020年 ,中國(guó)先后與上海合作組織 ( SCO )的成員國(guó)進(jìn)行了兩次反恐怖演習(xí) , 上海合作組織第五屆周年紀(jì)念日將于六月在上海召開 . In 2020, China conducted two counterterrorism exercises with Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) partners, and hosted the fifth anniversary of the founding of the SCO in Shanghai in June. 中國(guó)正在增加其在亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織 ( APEC ),東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟 (東盟 ) 與東盟區(qū)域論壇( ARF )的作用 . 美國(guó)鼓勵(lì)這種參與率的提高 ,并與中方共同主持了東盟關(guān)于防擴(kuò)散問題 . 在2020 年 10 月東盟首腦會(huì)議上 ,中國(guó)總理溫家寶建議擴(kuò)大中國(guó)與東盟在安全和防務(wù)領(lǐng)域的合作 . China is increasing its role in the AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF). The United States has encouraged this increased participation, and cooperated with China to cochair an ARF seminar on nonproliferation. During the October 2020 ASEAN Summit, PRC Premier Wen Jiabao proposed expanded security and defense cooperation between China and ASEAN. 2020 年 11 月 ,中華人民共和國(guó)主席胡錦濤首先對(duì)印度進(jìn)行訪問 ,這是 10年來中國(guó)國(guó)家元首對(duì)印度的首次訪問 , 充分表明了中國(guó)政府在保持與巴基斯坦的戰(zhàn)略同時(shí) ,改善與印度的關(guān)系 . In November 2020, PRC President Hu Jintao made the first visit to India by a PRC head of state in ten years, demonstrating the importance China places on improving ties with India while preserving its strategic relationship with Pakistan. 中國(guó)的軍事力量發(fā)展 Developments in China?s Military Forces 中國(guó)奉行的長(zhǎng)期的 ,全面的改造它的軍事力量 ,以提高其軍事能力 .符合臺(tái)海有事時(shí) ,短期集中精力攻取臺(tái)灣 , 中國(guó)在各軍區(qū)部署的其最先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng) ,直接面對(duì)著臺(tái)灣 . China is pursuing longterm, prehensive transformation of its military forces to improve its capabilities for power projection, antiaccess, and area denial. Consistent with a nearterm focus on preparing for offensive Taiwan Strait contingencies, China deploys its most advanced systems to the military regions directly opposite Taiwan. 彈道和巡航導(dǎo)彈 Ballistic and Cruise Missiles 中國(guó)正在發(fā)展和試驗(yàn)進(jìn)攻性導(dǎo)彈 ,形成額外的導(dǎo)彈部隊(duì) ,提升了某些導(dǎo)彈系統(tǒng)和開發(fā)方法的質(zhì)量 ,以對(duì)付美國(guó)彈道導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng) . 到 2020 年 10 月 ,中國(guó)已臺(tái)灣對(duì)面部署了大約 900 移動(dòng) CSS6 和 CSS7 短程彈道導(dǎo)彈 , 并且以大約每年 100 枚的速度增加 . 而且新型號(hào)的射程和精度都有提高 . 中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化遠(yuǎn)程彈道導(dǎo)彈武力 ,加入了更多的本國(guó)系統(tǒng) . 采用固體燃料的陸基機(jī)動(dòng)的東風(fēng) 31 型洲際遠(yuǎn)程彈道導(dǎo)彈 在 2020 年初步形成威懾能力 , 并且可能或者已經(jīng)具備實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力 . 射程更遠(yuǎn)的東風(fēng) 31A ,預(yù)計(jì)在 2020年達(dá)到初始作戰(zhàn)能力 . 中國(guó)正在制訂一項(xiàng)新的潛射彈道導(dǎo)彈 , 巨浪 2，預(yù)計(jì)于 2020 到 2020 間獲得初始戰(zhàn)斗能力 . 這種導(dǎo)彈將會(huì)配備于同樣也處于發(fā)展中的 094 型晉級(jí)戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)彈核潛艇上 . 中國(guó)正在探索使用彈道導(dǎo)彈和巡航導(dǎo)彈執(zhí)行反介入任務(wù)，這其中包括反航母和戰(zhàn)術(shù)攻擊，而且中國(guó)一直在致力于偵察和通信系統(tǒng)的研制以獲得更好的指揮、控制和瞄準(zhǔn)能力。 China is developing and testing offensive missiles, forming additional missile units, upgrading qualitatively certain missile systems, and developing methods to counter ballistic missile defenses. By October 2020, China had deployed roughly 900 mobile CSS6 and CSS7 shortrange ballistic missiles to garrisons opposite Taiwan, expanding at a rate of more than 100 missiles per year. Newer versions of these missiles have improved range and accuracy. China is modernizing its longerrange ballistic missile force by adding more survivable systems. The roadmobile, solidpropellant DF31 intercontinentalrange ballistic missile (ICBM) achieved initial threat availability in 2020 and will likely achieve operational status in the near future, if it has not already done so. A longer range variant, the DF31A, is expected to reach initial operational capability (IOC) in 2020. China is also working on a new submarinelaunched ballistic missile, the JL2 (IOC 20202020), for deployment on a new JINclass (Type 094) nuclearpowered ballistic missile submarine, also in development. China continues to explore the use of ballistic and cruise missiles for antiaccess missions, including countercarrier and land attack, and is working on reconnaissance and munication systems to improve mand, control, and targeting. 海軍實(shí)力 Naval Power. 中國(guó)海軍包括 72 艘主要軍艦 ,大約 58 艘攻擊潛艇 ,以及約 50 艘中型和重型兩棲艦艇 ,大約41 艘沿海導(dǎo)彈巡邏艇 . 中國(guó)在 2020 年年底獲得了第二批兩艘現(xiàn)代級(jí) 2 型導(dǎo)彈驅(qū)逐艦 . 這些驅(qū)逐艦配備反艦巡航導(dǎo)彈 (ASCMS),也使防空系統(tǒng)有了改善 .現(xiàn)代級(jí)驅(qū)逐艦是早些時(shí)候中國(guó)從俄羅斯購(gòu)進(jìn)的 . 中國(guó)正在建設(shè)和試驗(yàn)的第二代核潛艇 , 包括晉級(jí) (094型 )核動(dòng)力導(dǎo)彈潛艇以及商級(jí) (093型 )核動(dòng)力攻擊潛艇，其中后者于 2020 年開始試航 . 中國(guó)已接收兩艘基洛級(jí)潛艇 , 至此 2020 年中俄約定的關(guān)于 8 艘潛艇的交易已經(jīng)全部完成 . 中國(guó)擁有 12 艘基洛級(jí)潛艇 , 它們當(dāng)中最新的一些裝備有超音速 SSN27B 反艦導(dǎo)彈 ,以及線導(dǎo)和尾流自導(dǎo)魚雷 . 解放軍海軍最新軍艦 , 是旅洲級(jí) (051C 型 )防空驅(qū)逐艦 . 它配備為俄羅斯 SAN20 SAM 系統(tǒng)控制的 TOMBSTONE 相控陣?yán)走_(dá) . SAN20 能夠使解放軍海軍防空體系得到顯著的改善 , 提高中國(guó)的艦載防空能力 . 旅洲級(jí)驅(qū)逐艦?zāi)軌蜓a(bǔ)充正在發(fā)展的旅洋級(jí) ( 052B型 )和旅洋 2( 052c 型 )驅(qū)逐艦 . 旅洲級(jí)驅(qū)逐艦配備有俄羅斯 SAN7B GRIZZLY SAM 和 YJ83 ASCM. 旅洋 2驅(qū)逐艦則在同一防空系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上 ,配備國(guó)產(chǎn)的 HHQ9 SAM. 2020年 ,中國(guó)開始下水第一艘導(dǎo)彈護(hù)衛(wèi)艦 (FFG),江凱 2( 054A型 ) . 江凱 2 將裝有正在發(fā)展的 HHQ16 中程垂直發(fā)射防空導(dǎo)彈 . 在 2020 年珠海航展上 ,中國(guó)軍方和文職官員宣稱中國(guó)有興趣興建一艘航空母艦 . China?s naval forces include 72 principal batants, some 58 attack submarines, about 50 medium and heavy amphibious lift vessels, and approximately 41 coastal missile patrol craft. China received the second of two Russianmade SOVREMENNYY II guided missile destroyers (DDG) in late 2020. These DDGs are fitted with antiship cruise missiles (ASCMs) and widearea air defense systems that feature qualitative improvements over the earlier SOVREMENNYYclass DDGs China purchased from Russia. China is building and testing secondgeneration nuclear submarines with the JINclass (Type 094) nuclearpowered ballistic missile submarine and the SHANGclass (Type 093) nuclearpowered attack submarine, which began sea trials in 2020. China took delivery of two KILOclass