【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 尤工琵琶詞，然不輕發(fā)也。 ?試舉例說(shuō)明。 2．用文中二字概括李姬的形象特征，請(qǐng)舉二例說(shuō)明， 1．用了正面描寫和側(cè)面描寫想結(jié)合的方法。如以其養(yǎng)母的俠氣，結(jié)交豪杰來(lái)烘托李姬的“俠”；后又以張學(xué)士和夏吏部的急稱，側(cè)面寫出了她的“慧”。同時(shí)有對(duì)她“皆能盡其音節(jié)” 等的直接敘寫，這樣，較好地勾勒出了李姬的 性格特點(diǎn)。 (5分 ) 2．俠、慧。如“能辯士大夫賢否”、“少風(fēng)調(diào)，皎爽不群”等。 (5 分 ) (二 )我現(xiàn)在有很多時(shí)間坐在窗前，看遠(yuǎn)近峭壁林立一般的高墻和矮墻。有人的地方一定有墻，我們都在墻里。沒有多少事可以放心到光天化日下去做。規(guī)規(guī)整整的高樓叫人想起圖書館的目錄柜，只有上帝可以去拉開每一個(gè)小抽屜，查閱億萬(wàn)種心靈秘史，看見破墻而出的夢(mèng)想都在墻的封護(hù)中徘徊。還有死神按期來(lái)到，伸手進(jìn)去，抓鬮兒似地摸走幾個(gè)。 我們有時(shí)千里迢迢 —— 汽車呀、火車呀、飛機(jī)可別一頭栽下來(lái)呀 —— 只像是為了去找一處不見墻的地方：荒原、大海、林莽甚至沙漠。但未必就能逃脫。墻永久地在你心里，構(gòu)筑恐懼，也牽動(dòng)思念。比如你千里迢迢地去時(shí)，魯賓遜正千里迢迢地回來(lái)。一只“飛去來(lái)器”，從墻出發(fā)，又回到墻。 “墻”意義有何不同 ? 2．作者對(duì)“墻”的存在持怎樣的態(tài)度 ?試分析說(shuō)明。 1．第一個(gè)“墻”：他在窗前所見到的各種有形的墻；第二個(gè)“墻”：不單單是他眼力所及的墻，還包括概念意義上的所有墻，此處概念的外延大大擴(kuò)大了，同 時(shí)又隱含著某種象征意義了；第三個(gè)“墻”：那是已經(jīng)完全虛化了的墻，象征著種種限制。 (6 分 ) 2．作者對(duì)“墻”的存在既表無(wú)奈又較為坦然，認(rèn)為那是無(wú)法擺脫的，“有人的地方一定有墻。我們都在墻里”，“墻永久地在你心理”，面對(duì)墻，接受墻也許才是理智的。 (4 分 ) 六、作文 (40分 ) 閱讀下面一段文字，結(jié)合這段材料寫一篇文章，體裁不限，題目自擬。 要求： 1．主旨鮮明 2．有時(shí)代感 3． 1000字以上 紐可門發(fā)明了抽水式汽輪機(jī)；瓦特研究了紐氏的發(fā)明，但沒有沿著他的這條路往下走，而發(fā)明了熱蒸汽機(jī)。狄塞爾研究了瓦氏的外燃機(jī)原理，也沒有沿著瓦特的思路研究下去，而發(fā)明了內(nèi)燃柴油機(jī)。 作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： (36— 40分 )：主題 (觀點(diǎn) )鮮明，內(nèi)容充實(shí)、具體，見解獨(dú)特，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，文筆優(yōu)美。文面規(guī)范，基本上無(wú)錯(cuò)別字。 (3l一 35分 )：主題 (觀點(diǎn) )明確，內(nèi)容具體，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，文筆通順。文面規(guī)范。錯(cuò)別字控制在五個(gè)字以內(nèi)。 (24— 30分 )：主題 (觀點(diǎn) )尚明確，有一定內(nèi)容，結(jié)構(gòu)較勻稱，表達(dá)清 楚。文面尚規(guī)范，偶有語(yǔ)病。 (15— 23分 )：主題不明確，內(nèi)容空洞，結(jié)構(gòu)松散，語(yǔ)病較多。 (15分以下 )：主題嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤，文理不通，結(jié)構(gòu)混亂，詞不達(dá)意 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?！ 2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。 an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for reuptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nervetonerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on nonvoluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nicotinic’。 in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are ‘muscarinic’。 and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic recepto