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基于lms算法的自適應(yīng)組合濾波器中英文翻譯【完(編輯修改稿)

2025-07-09 08:39 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 icient values taken from their previous iteration, take the ones chosen by the CA. Namely, if the CA chooses, in the kth iteration, the weighting coefficient vector PW ,then each individual algorithm calculates its weighting coefficients in the (k+1)th iteration according to: ? ?kkpk XeEWW ?21 ??? (9) Fig. 1. Average MSD for considered algorithms. Fig. 2. Average MSD for considered algorithms. Fig. 1(b) shows this improvement, applied on the previous example. In order to clearly pare the obtained results,for each simulation we calculated the AMSD. For the first LMS (μ) it was AMSD = , for the second LMS (μ/10) it was AMSD = , for the CA (CoLMS) it was AMSD = and for the CA with modification (9) it was AMSD = . 5. Simulation results The proposed bined adaptive filter with various types of LMSbased algorithms is implemented for stationary and nonstationary cases in a system identification of the bined filter is pared with the individual ones, that pose the particular bination. In all simulations presented here, the reference dk is corrupted by a zeromean uncorrelated Gaussian noise with ?n? and SNR = 15 dB. Results are obtained by averaging over 100 independent runs, with N = 4, as in the previous section. (a) Time varying optimal weighting vector: The proposed idea may be applied to the SA algorithms in a nonstationary case. In the simulation, the bined filter is posed out of three SA adaptive filters with different steps, . Q = {μ, μ/2, μ/8}。 μ = . The optimal vectors is generated according to the presented model with ?Z? ,and with κ = 2. In the first 30 iterations the variance was estimated according to (7), and CA takes the coefficients of SA with μ (SA1). Figure 2(a) shows the AMSD characteristics for each algorithm. In steady state the CA does not ideally follow the SA3 with μ/8, because of the nonstationary problem nature and a relatively small difference between the coefficient variances of the SA2 and SA3. However,this does not affect the overall performance of the proposed algorithm. AMSD for each considered algorithm was: AMSD = (SA1,μ), AMSD = (SA2,μ/2), AMSD = (SA3, μ/8) and AMSD = (Comb). (b) Comparison with VS LMS algorithm [6]: In this simulation we take the improved CA (9) from , and pare its performance with the VS LMS algorithm [6], in the case of abrupt changes of optimal vector. Since the considered VS LMS algorithm[6] updates its step size for each weighting coefficient individually, the parison of these two algorithms is meaningful. All the parameters for the improved CA are the same as in . For the VS LMS algorithm [6], the relevant parameter values are the counter of sign change m0 = 11,and the counter of sign continuity m1 = 7. Figure 2(b)shows the AMSD for the pared algorithms, where one can observe the favorable properties of the CA, especially after the abrupt changes. Note that abrupt changes are generated by multiplying all the system coefficients by ?1 at the 2021th iteration (Fig. 2(b)). The AMSD for the VS LMS was AMSD = , while its value for the CA (CoLMS) was AMSD = . For a plete parison of these algorithms we consider now their calculation plexity, expressed by the respective increase in number of operations with respect to the LMS algorithm. The CA increases the number of requres operations for N additions and N IF the VS LMS algorithm, the respective increase is: 3N multiplications, N additions, and at least 2N IF decisions. These values show the advantage of the CA with respect to the calculation plexity. 6. Conclusion Combination of the LMS based algorithms, which results in an adaptive system that takes the favorable properties of these algorithms in tracking parameter variations, is the course of adaptation procedure it chooses better algorithms, all the way to the steady state when it takes the algorithm with the smallest variance of the weighting coefficient deviations from the optimal value. Acknowledgement. This work is supported by the Volkswagen Stiftung, Federal Republic of Germany. 基于 LMS 算法的自適應(yīng)組合濾波器 摘要 : 提出了 一種 自適應(yīng) 組合 濾波器 。 它由并行 LMS 的自適應(yīng) FIR 濾波器和一個 具有更好的選擇 性 的算法 組成 。作為 正在研究中的濾波器 算法比較標準 , 我們采取偏 差 和加權(quán)系數(shù)之間的方差比。 仿真 結(jié)果證實了提出的自適應(yīng)濾波器的優(yōu)點 。 關(guān)鍵詞: 自適應(yīng)濾波器; LMS 算法;組合算法; 偏 差 和方差權(quán)衡 緒論 自適應(yīng) 濾波器 已 在 信號處理和控制 , 以及許多實際問題 [1, 2]的解決當中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用 . 自適應(yīng)濾波器的性能主要取決于 濾波器 所使用的算法的加權(quán)系數(shù) 的更新 。最常用的自適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)對那些基于最小均方( LMS)自適應(yīng)算法及其 改進 ( 基于 LMS 的 算法)。 LMS 算法是非常簡便,易于實施,具有廣泛的用途 [13]。但是,因為它并不總是收斂在一個可接受的方式, 所以 有很多的嘗試,以 對 其性能 做 適當 改進:符號 算法( SA)的 [8],幾何 平均 LMS 算法 ( GLMS) [5],變步長 LMS(最小均方比) 算法 [6, 7]。 每一種基于 LMS 的 算法都至少 有 一個參數(shù) 在 適應(yīng)過程 ( LMS 算法 和 符號算法 ,加強和 GLMS 平滑系數(shù),各種參數(shù)對 變步長 LMS 算法的影響 ) 中 被 預(yù)先 定義。這些參數(shù)的影響 關(guān)鍵 在兩個 適應(yīng)階段:瞬態(tài)和穩(wěn)態(tài)濾波器的輸出。這些參數(shù)的選擇主要是基于一種算法質(zhì)量 的權(quán)衡 中所提到的適應(yīng)性能。我們提出了一個自適應(yīng)濾波器的性能改善的方法 。 也就是說,我們提出了幾個 基于 LMS 算法 的不同參數(shù)的 FIR 濾波器,并提供不同的適應(yīng)階段 選擇 最合適的算法標準 。 這種方法可以適用于所有的 LMS 的算法,雖然我們在這里只考慮其中幾個。 本文的結(jié)構(gòu)如下 , 作者認為的 LMS 的算法概述 載于第 2 節(jié), 第 3 節(jié)提出了 自適應(yīng)算法的 改進和組合 標準 , 仿真結(jié)果在第 4 節(jié)。 基于 LMS 的算法 讓我們定義輸入信號向量 Tk NkxkxkxX )]1()1()([ ???? ?和矢量加權(quán)系數(shù)為TNk kWkWkWW )]()()([ 110 ?? ?權(quán)重系數(shù)向量計算應(yīng)根據(jù) : }{21 kkkk XeEWW ???? ( 1) 其中 μ 為算法步 長, E{}是預(yù)期值的估計 。在 kTkkk XWde ?? 中,常數(shù) K 表 式誤差 , kd 是一個參考信號。根據(jù) ( 1)中 不同的預(yù)期值估計在, 我們可以得出一種 各種形式 的 自 適 應(yīng) 算 法 的定義 : LMS ? ?? ?kkkk XeXeE ? , ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ki ikikikk aXeaaXeEG L M S 0 10,1, ? ? ? ?? ?kkkk es ig nXXeESA ? ,[1,2,5,8] . 變步長 LMS 算法和基本 LMS 算法 具有相同的形式,但在適應(yīng) 過程中步長 μ( k) 是 變化的 [6, 7]。 正在研究中的 自適應(yīng)濾波問題在于 嘗試 調(diào)整權(quán)重系數(shù),使系統(tǒng)的輸出 kTkk XWy ?跟蹤參考信號, kkTkk nXWd ?? * 中 n 是一個零均值與方差 2n? 的高斯噪聲, *kW 是最佳權(quán)向量(維納向量)。 我們考慮兩種情況 : WWk ?* 是一個常數(shù)(固定的情況下) , *kW 隨時間變化(非平穩(wěn)的情況下)。在非平穩(wěn)情況下,未知 系統(tǒng)參數(shù) (即 *kW 最佳載體) 是隨 時間 變化的 。 我們 假設(shè)變 量 *kW 可以建 立 模 型為 Kkk ZWW ??? ** 1 ,它 是隨機獨立 的 零均值 ,依賴于 kX 和 kn 自相關(guān)矩陣 ? ? IZZEG ZTkk
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