【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 其他： 刑事訴訟法的立法宗旨 是保證刑 法的正確實施，懲罰犯罪，保護(hù)人民，保障國家安全和社會公共安全，維護(hù)社會主義秩序。 在自訴案件中，自訴人負(fù)有舉證責(zé)任。 ! S, 公訴案件被害人的訴訟代理人有權(quán)在被害人收到不起訴決定書后的 7 日內(nèi)，代第 6 頁 共 8 頁 第 6 頁 共 8 頁 其向人民檢察院提出申訴，也可以經(jīng)被害人授權(quán)代被害人向人民法院提起自訴。 回避的決定： 偵查人員、檢察人員、審判人員的回避由公安機關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人、檢 察長、法院院長決定。 公安機關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人和檢察長回避由同級人民檢察院檢察委員會決定。 法院院長回避由審判委員會決定。 書記員、翻譯人員、鑒定人回避由法院院長決定（審判階段）。 保證金由公安機關(guān)統(tǒng)一收取和保管。 取保候?qū)徲晒珯z法決定，公安機關(guān)執(zhí)行。 取保候?qū)徸铋L不得超過 12 個月。 監(jiān)視居住由公檢法決定，公安機關(guān)執(zhí)行。 監(jiān)視居住最長不超過 6 個月。 拘留由公檢決定，公安機關(guān)執(zhí)行。 ( L9 Y ]% 拘留的羈押期限為 10 日， 14 日， 37 日。 卓 逮捕有檢法決定，公安機關(guān)執(zhí)行。 z7 D/ ?逮捕縣級以上人大代表的，須報請該人大主席團或常委會許可。逮捕鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)一級人大代表時，應(yīng)報告該人大。 公檢法的工作人員在接受立案材料后應(yīng)當(dāng)填寫 受理刑事案件登記表〉 自訴案件不予立案的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在 15 日內(nèi)作出不立案決定書， 書面通知自訴人。 偵查實驗應(yīng)當(dāng)由偵查人員進(jìn)行，并應(yīng)當(dāng)邀請兩名以上見證人在場。 免費電大作業(yè)答 訊問犯罪嫌疑人的程序：訊問犯罪嫌疑人必須依照法定程序進(jìn)行。 至少由兩名偵查人員進(jìn)行訊問。 在法定的地點、時間內(nèi)訊問。持續(xù)的時間最長不得超過 12 小時。偵查人員在訊問犯罪嫌疑人的時候，應(yīng)當(dāng)首先訊問犯罪嫌疑人是否有犯罪行為，讓他陳述有罪情節(jié)或者進(jìn)行無罪的辯解，然后向他提出問題。 對特殊的訊問對象適用特殊的程序。 依 法制作訊問筆錄。 嚴(yán)禁刑訊逼供或以威脅、引誘、欺騙以及其他非法方式進(jìn)行訊問，切實保障犯罪嫌疑人的訴訟權(quán)利。 詢問證人的程序： 詢問證人只能由偵查人員進(jìn)行。 郵電在法律規(guī)定的地點進(jìn)行。 詢問應(yīng)當(dāng)個別進(jìn)行。 偵查人員應(yīng)當(dāng)告知證人必須如實地提供證據(jù)、證言和有意作偽證或者隱匿罪證要負(fù)的法律責(zé)任。 應(yīng)當(dāng)為證人提供客觀充分地提供證據(jù)的條件。 應(yīng)當(dāng)依法制作詢問筆錄。也可以讓證人親筆書寫證詞。 搜查的程序： 搜查只能由公安機關(guān)，人民檢察院等偵查機關(guān)的偵查人員依法進(jìn)行，其他任何機關(guān)、團體和個人都無權(quán)對公民人身和住宅進(jìn)行搜查。 搜查時，必須有兩名以上偵查人員，并持有縣級以上偵查機關(guān)的主要負(fù)責(zé)人簽發(fā)的搜查證。 任何單位和個人都有義務(wù)按照公安機關(guān)和人民檢察院的要求，交出可以證明犯罪嫌疑人有罪或者無罪的物證、書證、視聽資料。否則偵查機關(guān)可以依法強制提取。 搜查時，應(yīng)當(dāng)有被搜查人或者他的家屬、鄰居或者其他 見證人在場。 搜查婦女的身體，應(yīng)當(dāng)有女工作人員進(jìn)行。 搜查的情況應(yīng)當(dāng)寫成筆錄，由偵查人員和被搜查人員或者他的家屬、鄰居或者其他見證人簽名或蓋章。如果被搜查人在逃或者他的家屬拒絕簽名、蓋章的，應(yīng)當(dāng)記明于筆錄。 人民檢察院對偵查終結(jié)的案件的處理方式：提起公訴、不起訴和撤銷案件。 ) C+ O, 審查起訴的對象是案件事實、證據(jù)和適用法律等問題。 審查起訴的方法步驟： 審查起訴意見書等。 訊問犯罪嫌疑人。 聽取被害人意見。 聽取委托人的意見。 調(diào)查核實其他證據(jù)材料。 補充偵查。（退回公安機關(guān)偵查或自行偵查。） 補充偵查次數(shù)以兩次為限，每次應(yīng)在 1 個月內(nèi)補查完畢。 第 7 頁 共 8 頁 第 7 頁 共 8 頁 請您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝！?。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and nonnerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the socalled motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a mand is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds。 an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for reuptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nervetonerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on nonvoluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells。 in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nervetonerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In postsynaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the plex of receptor bined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nicotinic’。 in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are ‘muscarinic’。 and there are some of each type in the brain. These ter