【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 at book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。 4. 一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方 式： 將來時(shí) 用法 例句 1 will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形 表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) My sister will be ten next year. 2 be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 含有“打算，計(jì)劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有 可能要發(fā)生某事 It’s going to clear up. We’re going to have a party tonight. 3 be + doing 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來 go, e, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行 時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 4 be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形 表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面 一般不跟時(shí)間狀語 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 5 be to + 動(dòng)詞原形 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 6 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來 時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來 The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. II. 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 常用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are asked 6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 2 一般過去時(shí) was/were asked 7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked 3 一般將來時(shí) shall/will be asked 8 過去完成時(shí) had been asked 4 過去將來時(shí) should/would be asked 9 將來完成時(shí) will/would have been asked 5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are being asked 10 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 can/must/may be asked 注 意 事 項(xiàng) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 not，短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定 結(jié)構(gòu) be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that … 下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)： leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 I. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡(jiǎn)答 can 能力（體力，智力，技能） 允許或許可（口語中常用） 可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（問句中表示請(qǐng)求） 可能，或許（表推測(cè)） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱 變化） don’t have to do Do…h(huán)ave to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用 should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 將要，會(huì) 用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見 用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. 脅等 should 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任） 本該（含有責(zé)備意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，決心 請(qǐng)求，建 議，用在問句中 would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要 必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. II. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)： 以 must為例。 must + do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行； must + be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情； must +have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。 1. must“肯定，一定”語氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。 He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there. 2. may和 might“也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň洹? He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和 could“可能”， could 表示可疑的可能性，不及 can’t語氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。 The weather in that city could be cold now. We could have walked there。 it was so near.（推測(cè)某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生） Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問句和否定句中 ) III. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)： 1. can和 be able to: 都可以表示能力。但 be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而 can無法表達(dá)此意。 Be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。 2. used to和 would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而 would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。 3. need和 dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別： 兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為： needn’t/daren’t do； Need/dare…do…? 做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為： need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do 八．非謂語動(dòng)詞 I. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成： 非謂語形式 構(gòu)成 特征和作用 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 否定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非謂語前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定、表和狀語 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing having done being done having been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語 過去分詞 done 動(dòng)名詞 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定和表語 II. 做 賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞比較： 情況 常用動(dòng)詞 只接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to 兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為） need, want, require（接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式） 意義相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意義不同 remember/fet/regret to do（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生） remember/fet/regret doing（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生） go on to do（接著做另外一件事） go on doing（接著做同一件事） try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力） try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)