【正文】 家人”或“夫婦” the Greens, the Wangs 7 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前 He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于國家 黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前 The pass was invented in China. 10 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代 in the 1990’s 11 用于表示單位的名詞前 I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前 He patted me on the shoulder. III. 零冠詞的用法： 1 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名詞前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 與 by 連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land 7 以 and 連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí) husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 Horses are useful animals. 三．代詞 ： I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類： 1 人稱代詞 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2 物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 3 反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, such, some 5 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 7 不定代詞 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either II. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)： 1. one, some與 any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為 ones。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”， any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。 There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和 another: 1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如： the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為 the others。 1. 同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 as…as… 以及 not so(as)…as… 如： I am not so good a player as you are. 2. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有： much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。如： favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。 I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。如： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that … 下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)： leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 七．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 I. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡答 can 能力（體力，智力，技能） 允許或許可（口語中常用） 可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（問句中表示請(qǐng)求） 可能，或許（表推測(cè)） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. have to 只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱 變化） don’t have to do Do…h(huán)ave to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用 should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 將要，會(huì) 用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見 用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. 脅等 should 應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任） 本該（含有責(zé)備意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，決心 請(qǐng)求，建 議，用在問句中 would比較委婉 will not/won’t do Will…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要 必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. II. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)： 以 must為例。可用于肯定句和否定句。但 be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而 can無法表達(dá)此意。 3. need和 dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別： 兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. 過去分詞 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分詞 無名詞的性質(zhì)，不能做主語。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常見分詞有 astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其 ed形式 ) 九．定語從句 I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。 3． 先行詞本身是 that 時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用 who。 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定語從句 對(duì)先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。 地點(diǎn)狀語 where, wherever 原因狀語 because, as, since, now that because語氣最強(qiáng)， since較弱，表示大家都明了的原因， as 又次之。 He can play the piano. So can i. 用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 May you be in good health! 省略 if 的虛擬條件 Were I you, I would not do it in this way. 十三。t think these facts will ________ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been ________ the library. 3) The music _________ our enjoyment of the film. 4) You must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________. ( add up to, added to, add to, added…up ) 2. break away from打破，脫離，掙脫，改掉 break down出毛病，身體 (精神 )衰弱，分解，拆開 break off暫停，中斷 break in強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入，插話 break into闖入 break into pieces成為碎片 break out爆發(fā) break up搗碎，驅(qū)散，瓦解，學(xué)期結(jié)束，拆散 break through突破 1) The criminal managed to break _______ ______ the police and ran into the woods. 2) When he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried. 3) Do