【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 g for the paper breakage and paper film rate... 38 Experimental study on paper film slip rate....................................................................... 42 Test methods ......................................................................................................................... 42 Analysis of test results ...................................................................................................... 43 Comparative study of transplanter rice quality ............................................................... 45 Analysis of test results .............................................................................................................. 45 Summary of this chapter .......................................................................................................... 46 Chapter5 Conclusion and prospect....................................................................................... 48 References ............................................................................................................................................. 50 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................... 55 Publication during master study ............................................................................................. 56 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 1 摘 要 地膜覆蓋技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)顯而易見，對農(nóng)作物增產(chǎn)起很大作用，但隨著普通單體聚乙烯塑料膜的發(fā)展及廣泛應(yīng)用，其不容易被微生物降解帶來了一系列 包括 對環(huán)境污染等 副作用。針對塑料薄膜的缺點(diǎn)，應(yīng)運(yùn)而生出紙質(zhì)地膜不但繼承了塑料地膜的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ， 有 良好的保溫、保水和控草效果 ， 、 在稻田中自然降解 、 不會(huì)殘留 ， 不造成環(huán)境破壞等優(yōu)點(diǎn) 。 是一種生態(tài)友好型種植技術(shù)， 可以 有效 地 控制農(nóng)藥使用量， 種植 出無公害的有機(jī)稻米。 人工鋪設(shè)紙膜勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、勞動(dòng)效率低還容易在鋪設(shè)過程中踩出“腳窩”影響紙膜覆蓋效果 ，設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械作業(yè)水稻紙膜覆蓋插秧機(jī)迫在眉睫 。 水稻 紙膜插秧機(jī)的研制就是解決 了 人工鋪設(shè)紙膜所帶來的問題。在研制和試驗(yàn)過程中，紙膜水稻插秧機(jī)出現(xiàn)了輥輪 支撐臂 剛度不足發(fā)生變形、承膜板壅泥嚴(yán)重、插秧機(jī)振動(dòng)影響機(jī)架連接處壽命等問題。本文就是在設(shè)計(jì)完成的水稻紙膜覆蓋插秧機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上 ，在研發(fā)和試驗(yàn)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的缺陷 、 改進(jìn)不適 應(yīng) 實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需求的結(jié)構(gòu)、替換不能滿足田間作業(yè)的 零件，完善紙膜水稻插秧機(jī)的功能。 本文主要改進(jìn)了輥輪支撐系統(tǒng)、承膜板結(jié)構(gòu)，并對改進(jìn)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析。 輥輪支撐臂原樣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)是各個(gè)輥輪分別安裝在以彎曲成直角的鋼板 ， 沒有很好的抗 彎 能力，在應(yīng)力集中部位發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重 變形，改進(jìn)輥輪支撐臂不但要滿足原有功能包括：掛載輥輪，承載輥輪及泥水對其的作用力，還要在受力時(shí)不會(huì)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重變形甚至斷裂，簡化結(jié)構(gòu)，安裝方便。為此設(shè)計(jì)了以 方鋼管為材料的將所有輥輪及承膜板掛載在同一輥輪支撐臂的支撐平臺(tái)。 通過 SOLIDWORKS SimulationXpress 對設(shè)計(jì)完成的輥輪支撐臂進(jìn)行分析滿足正常工作的同時(shí)在超出正常工作受力一定范圍內(nèi) 不 會(huì)發(fā)生變形。 紙膜承膜板在整個(gè)紙膜鋪放機(jī)構(gòu)中起著承上啟下的作用，不但與展膜板配合將紙膜展平還可將水田中不平的淤泥履平，原樣機(jī)承膜板下沿設(shè)計(jì)成臺(tái)階狀很容易在插秧機(jī)前 進(jìn)過程中堆積起淤泥影響鋪 插秧機(jī)作業(yè)，將承膜板下沿設(shè)計(jì)成圓弧過度就可以避免淤泥堆積，為研究淤泥堆積 受不同半徑的圓弧過度板 和 不同速度載荷 影響進(jìn)行 試驗(yàn) 研究 。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明 ：圓弧過渡板半徑可能不是影響試驗(yàn)指標(biāo) 的顯著因素 ；影響試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)壅泥量的最重要因素是承膜板的行進(jìn)速度，其次是承膜板載荷。在插秧機(jī)行駛和作業(yè)過程中鋪放機(jī)構(gòu)中紙輥機(jī)架受到插秧機(jī)振動(dòng)影響強(qiáng)烈，這是由于機(jī)架本身結(jié)構(gòu)引起的，本文改進(jìn)了機(jī)架尺寸、更換機(jī)架固定位置降低了機(jī)架振動(dòng)的擺幅，減少了振動(dòng)對固定點(diǎn)的影響 。水田作業(yè)環(huán)境十分惡劣，水田作業(yè)有大量的泥沙會(huì)侵入軸承內(nèi)部 ，并且泥水對軸承也有一定的腐蝕作用。軸承選取必須滿足農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械生產(chǎn)要求，原插秧機(jī)軸承沒有良好的密封，泥沙進(jìn)入軸承滾珠周圍影響軸承正常工作降低軸承壽命，輥輪軸承必須選用有調(diào)心功能 強(qiáng) 并具 有 良好密封 性 的軸承。 鋪放機(jī)構(gòu)輥輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)較慢 軸承選擇帶有密封圈的深溝球軸承可以滿足要求。 在裝配完成樣機(jī)后主要對紙膜鋪設(shè)質(zhì)量和機(jī)組插秧質(zhì)量進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究。 田間鋪膜 對中文摘要 2 比 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明 ： 樣機(jī)鋪設(shè) 紙膜破損率都是隨著前進(jìn)速度增加而上升的，但在一定速度范圍內(nèi)改進(jìn)前結(jié)果優(yōu)于改進(jìn)后，正常插秧機(jī)行駛速度下改進(jìn)后紙膜 貼合率指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于改進(jìn)前，這是由于承膜板改 進(jìn)為圓弧過度不但大大減 少 了壅泥現(xiàn)象還將紙膜更平整的展開。在不同載荷條件下紙膜破損率與紙膜貼合率改進(jìn)后也略優(yōu)于改進(jìn)前，說明改進(jìn)后插秧機(jī)工作更穩(wěn)定，適用性更強(qiáng)。改進(jìn)后對樣機(jī)進(jìn)行紙膜滑移率試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，影響紙膜滑移率最顯著為展膜 輥 與承膜板之間的加緊力，隨著夾緊力上升，紙膜滑 移率有上升趨勢；其次是機(jī)械前進(jìn)速度隨著前進(jìn)速度提高，紙膜滑移率 也有上升趨勢。 展膜輥和壓膜輥垂直距離影響小于前兩個(gè)因素。 本文為了未來實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品化設(shè)計(jì)提供了設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)，為最終水稻紙膜插秧機(jī)問世打下基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 鋪膜插秧 。改進(jìn) 。貼合率 。破損率 ?；坡? 沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 3 Abstract TheAdvantages of film covering technology is obvious, playing an important role in crop production, but with the development of a mon single polyethylene plastic filmed and widely used, it is not easy to be microbial degradation brought a series of side effects. In view of the disadvantages of plastic film mulching, emerge as the times require paper not only inherits the advantages of plastic mulch film has good heat insulation, water conservation and weed control effect, the residual natural degradation, not even in paddy field. Artificial labor intensity of paper film, labor efficiency is low also easily in the process of laying on the track of paper mulching effect, design of mechanical operation of rice paper mulch transplanter imminent Development of rice paper film transplanting machine is to solve the artificial paper film problems. In the development and testing process, paper film rice transplanter appeared problems of roller supporting the lack of rigidity of arm deformation, bearing diaphragm mud blocking and serious, connection of transplanting effect of machine vibration life. This paper is to cover the basic transplanter in rice paper film on the design is pleted, found in the development and testing of process design defects, can not meet the demand of the improvement of production structure, can not meet the field operation of replacement parts, improve paper film rice transplanter function. Roller support arm is machine design is all roller wheels are respectively installed on the bending rectangular plate, there is no good flexural capacity, at the stress concentration position of serious deformation, improve the roller support arm should not only meet the original functions include: Mount roller, roller bearing force of mud and water on the the, also not under stress of serious deformation or rupture, simple structure, convenient installation. This design of the square steel tube as material will all roller and bearing plate mounted on the same roller support arm support platform. Carries on the analysis to meet the normal work at the same time beyond the normal working stress is not within the scope of certain deformation by SOLIDWORKS SimulationXpress on the roller design support arm. Paper film bearing plate in the whole paper film shop played the role of connecting link mechanism, not only with the film spreading plate will paper film flattening can also be water field uneven sludge shoe flat, the original machine bearing film plate along the designed steplike easily in rice transplanter and advance the process of accumulation of silt Pu rice transplant