【文章內容簡介】 r anizations operating under similar conditions or recognized as having the best possible performance. Used to establish performance targets and improve management and working methods. 標，改善管理和工作方法。 beneficial use The use of water for a socially, economically, or environmentally useful purpose. Commonly the following uses are recognized as beneficial: domestic, municipal, industrial, irrigation, mining, hydroelectric power, navigation, recreation, livestock raising, public parks, wildlife and game preserves. you yi yong shui, you xiao yong shui 有益用水 ， 有效用水 出于經濟、社會或環(huán)境方面的有益目的而用水。通常以下各方面的用水都被認為是有益的：生活、市政、工業(yè)、灌溉、采礦、水電、航運、娛樂、牲畜飼養(yǎng)、公園、野生動物保護區(qū)等。 benefitcost analysis An evaluation of total benefits to total costs of an actual or proposed water programme or project, used to pare and rank alternative investment strategies or project designs. Usually expressed in moary terms as Internal Rate of xiao yi fei yong fen xi, cheng ben xiao yi fen xi 效益 費用分析 , 成本效益分析 對實際或者建議的水資源計劃或項目的總效益與總費用進行評價，用于對不同的投資戰(zhàn)略或者項目設計方案進行比較排序。通常以貨幣指標表示成 內部回收率 或者 經濟內部回收率 。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 Return or Economic Internal Rate of Return. discount rate The discount rate is the interest rate that national banks charge on loans to mercial banks. The discount rate is used to evaluate whether government investments in water projects are financially and economically viable, see Internal Rate of Return and Economic Internal Rate of Return. zhe xian l252。, tie xian l252。 折現(xiàn)率，貼現(xiàn)率 是國家銀行對向商業(yè)銀行的貸款利率。用于評價政府的水利項目投資在財務和經濟上是否可行。見 內部回收率 和 經濟內部回收率 。 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Measure of the financial viability of a project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the project using prices that include government duties, taxes and subsidies. The investment in a project is acceptable to the investor if IRR is equal to or higher than the interest which could be obtained from an alternative use of the invested capital. For water projects which mainly rely on nei bu hui shou l252。, nei bu shou yi l252。 內部回收率，內部收益率 衡量項目財務可行性的指標，以根據(jù)包括政府關稅、稅收和補貼在內的價格計算的項目使用期限 內年平均利潤表示。如果內部回收率等于或者大于將投資資本用于其它方面的利息，該項目的投資對投資者是可以接受的。對主要依賴于政府投資的水利項目，則將內部回收率與中央銀行折現(xiàn)率進行比較。見經濟內部回收率 。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 government funding IRR is pared with the central bank discount rate. See also Economic Internal Rate of Return. IRR Internal Rate of Return 內部回收率 的縮寫。 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) Measure of the economic efficiency of government investment in a water project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the investment, using prices that exclude government duties, taxes and subsidies. The investment is economically attractive to government if EIRR is equal to or higher than the central bank discount rate, which reflects the interest that could be gained by lending the invested capital to other purposes. jing ji nei bu hui shou l252。 經濟內部回收率 衡量政府水利項目投資經濟效率的指標，以根據(jù)不包括政府關稅、稅收和補貼在內的價格計算的 項目使用期限 內年平均利潤表示。如果經濟內部回收率等于或者大于中央銀行 折現(xiàn)率 ，該投資在經濟上對政府是有吸引力的，該折現(xiàn)率反映了將投資資本借給其它方面可獲得的利息。 EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return jing ji nei bu hui shou l252。 經濟內部回收率 經濟內部回收率 的縮寫。 benefits The positive or desired results of a water project. Benefits may be xiao yi, li yi, shou yi 效益 ,利益 ， 受益 水利 項目的正面或者理想結果。從其性質來說效益可以是社會、環(huán)境或者經濟的。見 有形效English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 social, environmental or economic in nature. See also tangible, intangible and benefits. 益 、 無形效益 和 凈效益 。 best management practice An empirically proven, costeffective and beneficial way of managing a pany that is widely accepted among sector professionals as the standard to follow zui jia guan li fang fa, zui jia guan li mo shi 最佳管理方法 , 最佳管理模式 經過實踐證明、成本有效、有益的公司管理模式，在專業(yè)領域內被公認為學習的榜樣。 bilateral donor A development aid agency which provides grants and loans from funds provided by a single donor country directly to the recipient country, . DFID (UK), AusAID (Australia) and Danida (Denmark) shuang bian yuan zhu ji gou 雙邊援助機構 利用自單一援助國提供的資金直接向受援國提供 贈款和貸款的開發(fā)機構，例如英國的DFID，澳大利亞的AusAid、丹麥的 Danida等。 bilateral development assistance Development assistance provided directly from the donor country to the recipient county shuang bian kai fa yuan zhu 雙邊開發(fā)援助 直接由援助國向受援國提供的開發(fā)援助。 biodiversity The variety and variability among living anisms and the ecological plexes in which they occur. The term enpasses different ecosystems, species, and genes. sheng wu duo yang xing 生物多樣性 生物界及其賴以生存的生態(tài)綜合體的多樣性和變化性。該術語涵蓋不同的 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 、物種和基因。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 block tariff A water tariff structure with stepwise increase or decrease of the price per unit water from one block to the next. Used mainly as an increasing block tariff to a) supply the basic needs of water at a price that is affordable to poor households, and b) to give large consumers an incentive to reduce their water consumption. jie ti shui jia 階梯水價 一種水價結構，水的單價從一個水量段到下一個水量段逐步增加或者減少 。最常用的是 上升式階梯水價 ，目的是 1）以貧困家庭有能力支付的價格滿足基本需水；2）鼓勵用水大戶減少用水量。 bore Internal diameter of a pipe or a borehole. Also slang for borehole or drilled well. kong jin