【正文】 地音探聽器或者聽音棒探聽。本術(shù)語通常用于應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的個(gè)人或者組織可以將工作的具體開展托付給另一個(gè)人或者組織的情況。 fee Payment to government or a government agency for the right to use water, . abstract water or discharge wastewater, or for the costs of issue and administration of permits or licenses Fei 費(fèi) 為用水（例如取水或者排放污水）的權(quán)利 或者用水許可證或執(zhí)照的發(fā)放和管理成本向政府或者政府部門交納的費(fèi)用。如果您對術(shù)語表有任何的意見和建議，包括添加和刪除術(shù)語、修改定義、解釋和譯文、調(diào)整格式和版面等等，請通過電子郵件發(fā)送給 WRDMAP 項(xiàng)目的管理助理王玥女士（ ）。本術(shù)語表并不是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)詞典的“規(guī)定性”解釋方式精確定義的。 This draft/preliminary version of the Water Resources Demand Management Project Glossary has been assembled under the Water Resources Demand Management Project funded by DFID and carried out by MWR. The Glossary was started during the earlier Water Sector Development Project and was subsequently further developed during the period prior to the mencement of WRDMAP. It has been decided to print this version despite the fact that WRDMAP experts have identified many shortings in the document. These have been corrected to the extent possible during the Inception Phase of the Project. However, it is intended to reprint an improved second edition at the end of 2021 incorporating ments and modifications, suggestions received. 本術(shù)語表的編寫目的是為項(xiàng)目人員提供水資源管理方面的常用術(shù)語、短語以及技術(shù)、機(jī)構(gòu)縮略語，以便促進(jìn)項(xiàng)目中方人員與國際專家之間的相互理解和交流溝通。在水行業(yè)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目初期就開始編寫術(shù)語表，隨后在水資源需求管理援助 項(xiàng)目（ WRDMAP）啟動(dòng)之前進(jìn)一步對術(shù)語表進(jìn)行了修訂和更新。 WRDMAP 項(xiàng)目決定將目前版本的術(shù)語表印刷成冊，盡管專家們指出它還存在諸多不足之處。在因?qū)W科、機(jī)構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域的不同而常常導(dǎo)致術(shù)語的翻譯出現(xiàn)很大差別的情況下，本術(shù)語表將尤其有助于口、筆譯人員在翻譯工作中使用更加統(tǒng)一的中英術(shù)語。為此，對于一些術(shù)語和短語，對其在其他學(xué)科、機(jī)構(gòu)或地理區(qū)域可 能常見的用法或者替換詞進(jìn)行了解釋。 There are undoubtedly many more terms and phrases that can be added and/or variations to the definitions provided whilst the existing contents needs ‘a(chǎn)ttention’ in many areas. It is requested that any reader who may have ments or contributions to the contents – adding, deleting or correcting definitions and explanations, translations, or format, please send your ments to the WRDMAP Project Management Assistant Wang Yue }. Advisory Team Leader, ATL, Beijing, January 2021. 咨詢專家組長（ ATL） 2021 年 1 月于北京 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 abstract Remove or withdraw water from any source, either temporarily or permanently qu shui 取水 臨時(shí)性或永久性地將水從任何水源移走。 charge Price of water supply or wastewater discharge payable to the government agency or other pany providing the service shou fei， shui fei 水費(fèi) ,收費(fèi) 應(yīng)當(dāng)向政府機(jī)構(gòu)或者其它提供服務(wù)的公司支付的供水或者污水排放價(jià)格。比較 責(zé)任 。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 geophones or listening sticks leakage control Systematic program to minimize leakage from water distribution works by use of appropriate materials, pressure tests of new piping, leakage detection campaigns, maintenance and repair shen lou kong zhi 滲漏控制 最大限度地減少配水管網(wǎng)滲漏的系統(tǒng)性計(jì)劃，包括使用適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧?,對新管線進(jìn)行壓力試驗(yàn) ,開展?jié)B漏檢測運(yùn)動(dòng) ,進(jìn)行維護(hù)和修理等。 aquifer A waterbearing underground formation of permeable rock or sediment able to hold, transmit and release han shui ceng, xu shui ceng 含水層，蓄水層 由滲透性巖石或者泥沙組成的能夠儲(chǔ)存、傳輸和釋放較多水量的地層。 audit (financial) Examination of financial records of an agency or pany to determine if the records are accurate and provide a realistic account of the financial status of the agency or pany shen ji (cai wu) 審計(jì)（財(cái)務(wù)） 檢查機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的財(cái)務(wù)記錄，以確定記錄是否準(zhǔn)確，是否反映了該機(jī)構(gòu)或者公司的實(shí)際財(cái)務(wù)狀況。 averageday demand Average daily water use from a distribution system as measured by the annual water production divided by 365 ri ping jun xu shui liang 日平均需水量 以年水產(chǎn)總量除以 365得出的配水系統(tǒng)平均日用水量。主要在開發(fā)項(xiàng)目中用于 “前 后 ”狀況的 比較。 在流域規(guī)劃中用于幫助制訂行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。 beneficial use The use of water for a socially, economically, or environmentally useful purpose. Commonly the following uses are recognized as beneficial: domestic, municipal, industrial, irrigation, mining, hydroelectric power, navigation, recreation, livestock raising, public parks, wildlife and game preserves. you yi yong shui, you xiao yong shui 有益用水 ， 有效用水 出于經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)或環(huán)境方面的有益目的而用水。 English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 Return or Economic Internal Rate of Return. discount rate The discount rate is the interest rate that national banks charge on loans to mercial banks. The discount rate is used to evaluate whether government investments in water projects are financially and economically viable, see Internal Rate of Return and Economic Internal Rate of Return. zhe xian l252。見 內(nèi)部回收率 和 經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部回收率 。如果內(nèi)部回收率等于或者大于將投資資本用于其它方面的利息，該項(xiàng)目的投資對投資者是可以接受的。 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) Measure of the economic efficiency of government investment in a water project calculated as the average annual profit over the lifetime of the investment, using prices that exclude government duties, taxes and subsidies. The investment is economically attractive to government if EIRR is equal to or higher than the central bank discount rate, which reflects the interest that could be gained by lending the invested capital to other purposes. jing ji nei bu hui shou l252。 經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部回收率 經(jīng)濟(jì)內(nèi)部回收率 的縮寫。 best management practice An empirically proven, costeffective and beneficial way of managing a pany that is widely accepted among sector professionals as the standard to follow zui jia guan li fang fa, zui jia guan li mo shi 最佳管理方法 , 最佳管理模式 經(jīng)過實(shí)踐證明、成本有效、有益的公司管理模式，在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)被公認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。該術(shù)語涵蓋不同的 生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 、物種和基因。在英語中也是代表 井孔 或 鉆井 的行話。水量平衡包括特定地點(diǎn)或者特定活動(dòng)的所有水的輸入、取水和用水，例如降水與徑流、English 英文 Definition 定義 pin yin 拼音 Chinese 中文 Definition 定義 The water budget includes