【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 er good and valuable consideration, the parties agree as follows:2. 定義 definition在正文（habendum）部分，通常第一章為定義（definitions）部分。定義條款即對(duì)合同中涉及的術(shù)語(yǔ)及名詞作出限定、解釋的條款。它可以散見(jiàn)于合同各個(gè)部分，但對(duì)于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常將其置于第一章。i. 常見(jiàn)的定義語(yǔ)句常用mean, refer to, be construed as, include等來(lái)表達(dá)。如：1. territory means the united states of america.“銷售地區(qū)”是指美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。2. “mencement date” shall mean the date of signing this agreement by the last signing party hereto.“協(xié)議生效日”是指本“協(xié)議”最后簽字的一方簽署本“協(xié)議”的日期。3. the “agreement” herein referred to shall mean this agreement of agency by entrustment.“協(xié)議”在這里是指本委托代理協(xié)議。4. “code” shall refer to the current and applicable internal revenue code.“法”是指當(dāng)前可用的國(guó)內(nèi)稅收法。5. reference to any statutory provision shall be construed as a reference to the same as it may have been, or may from time be, amended, modified or reenacted.引用法律規(guī)定理解為引用其本身外，還包括其修訂、修正或重新實(shí)施案。6. expenses include costs, charges and expenses of every description.“費(fèi)用”包括各種形式的金錢(qián)支出。ii. 還有一類特殊的定義語(yǔ)句，即對(duì)于「單、復(fù)數(shù)」及「陰、陽(yáng)性」名詞的范圍定義。通常都是用include來(lái)表達(dá)：1. stock certificate includes stock certificate and stock certificates.合同中的“股票”，包括單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)。2. he includes he and she.合同中的“他”，包括“他”與“她”。3. words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number.采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)的單詞也包括復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。iii. 定義語(yǔ)句中，有時(shí)需限定范圍。而通常用得最多的是：“for the purpose of ”及“in relation to” 某概念的定義條款，如果適用范圍僅限于合同的“特定部份”，可以用“for the purpose of ”來(lái)為定義條款起頭。而如果定義條款是針對(duì)合同的“特定概念”，就用“in relation to”來(lái)界定。如下例：1. for the purpose of this agreement, products means all types of the machineries manufactured by manufacturer as are specified in attachment a hereto.本協(xié)議所稱的“產(chǎn)品”，指制造人所制造如附件a表列之各式機(jī)器。2. address means－(a) 就自然人而言in relation to an inspanidual, his usual residential or business address。 and(b) in relation to a corporation, its registered or principal office in the republic of china.“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作場(chǎng)所；就公司而言，指位于中華人民共和國(guó)之注冊(cè)所在地或主營(yíng)業(yè)所。iv. 在定義條款中，在定義語(yǔ)句前有時(shí)會(huì)加上一些陳述語(yǔ)句來(lái)引導(dǎo)，如：1. for the purpose of this agreement, each of the following terms shall have the following meaning respectively:就本合同的目的而言，下列各用語(yǔ)，分別具有下述意義：2. in this agreement, the following words or expressions shall have the meanings given to them respectively below:本協(xié)議內(nèi)所用詞句的意義，明確闡述如下：3. in this agreement unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings assigned to them hereunder:除非本“協(xié)議”有明確規(guī)定，下列詞語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)具有如下規(guī)定之意義：4. the following are the definitions of various terms used in this agreement:本“協(xié)議”使用之術(shù)語(yǔ)定義如下：3. 有效期 period of validity有效期(term)條款通常規(guī)定合同的有效期限，何時(shí)生效及到何時(shí)結(jié)束，合同結(jié)束后必要時(shí)如何延展等等。i. 以下為“term”的常用表達(dá)方式：the term of this contract is for a _____ year 。如：the term of this contract is for a one (1) year period.2. the contract is for a _____ month period, mencing _____.合同的有效期為_(kāi)____月，開(kāi)始于______。（期限）a. the contract is for a 12 month period, mencing september 17, 20xx thru september 16, 20xx.b. the contract is for a 6 month period, mencing 4103 and ending 93020xx.3. this agreement remains valid for _____ year(s), . mencing on ______, _____and terminating on ______, _____.本協(xié)議在_____年之內(nèi)有效，即從_____年_____月_____日起生效，_____年_____月_____日起到期。4. the contract term is hereby extended for the period____.合同的有效期為_(kāi)______。如：the contract term is hereby extended for the period____ in accordance with section e, paragraph 10, term of contract and contract extension.ii. term條款除了規(guī)定合同的期限外，通常另外合同期限的延展“extension”。1. the contract period is for _____ year with option to renew for _____ year.合同有效期為_(kāi)____年，同時(shí)可以選擇延長(zhǎng)_____年。2. the contract is for a _____ month period, mencing _____. the contract may be renewed for up to _____ year option periods.合同的有效期為_(kāi)____月，開(kāi)始于_______，同時(shí)可以選擇延長(zhǎng)_____年。3. this agreement shall mence on the mencement date and shall endure for a continuous period of _____ years. thereafter it will be automatically renewed for successive periods of _____ years on the same terms and conditions unless one of the parties had given _____days notice of termination.本協(xié)議應(yīng)自生效日生效并在_____年內(nèi)有效。此后，除非一方當(dāng)事人提前_____天書(shū)面通知對(duì)方當(dāng)事人終止本協(xié)議，本協(xié)議有效期自動(dòng)延長(zhǎng)_____年，協(xié)議條款不變。iii. term條款并沒(méi)有十分固定的表達(dá)方式，以下即是一些合同中term的39。實(shí)例：1. this agreement shall be valid and remain in force for a period of three (3) years mencing from the date appearing first above written upon the signing of both party a and party b and shall be extended for another period of three (3) years on the same terms and conditions unless either of the parties hereto gives the other party at least thirty (30) days prior written notice to terminate this agreement prior to the expiration of the original term.本合約須從上面首次寫(xiě)明的甲方和乙方簽訂本約的日期起生效并保持效力三年，并將按同樣條件延長(zhǎng)三年，否則與約任何一方至少須在原定時(shí)間期滿前三十天給予另一方提前終止本合約的書(shū)面通知。2. at any time and from time to time during the period mencing on the date hereof and terminating on ______, 20___, party a may in writing advise party b.自本協(xié)議簽訂之日起到______年______月協(xié)議終止這段期間內(nèi)，甲方可隨時(shí)以書(shū)面形式通知乙方。3. the term of this agreement shall be three years from the effective date, unless terminated in accordance with article vi (3) and article ix.本合同的期限除非根據(jù)第8條第3款及第9條的規(guī)定終止外，有效期為3年。4. the contract is valid from _______ until _______.the contract period is automatically extended for any leave of absence allowed for in law.合同的有效期為從______到_____。5. the term of this agreement shall mence on the _____ day of _____ and end on the _____ day of _____ upon expiration of the above initial term, this agreement shall automatically be renew and extended for a like period of time unless terminated in writing by either party _____ days prior to the date for such renewal.本協(xié)議期限為_(kāi)_年____月____日至__年___月___日。除非續(xù)訂日前_____天一方以書(shū)面方式提出終止，否則上述首期屆滿后，協(xié)議應(yīng)自動(dòng)續(xù)訂，延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間與前期相同。4. 不可抗力 force majeureforce majeure條款是一種免責(zé)條款，即免除由于不可抗力事件而違約的一方的違約責(zé)任。一般應(yīng)規(guī)定的內(nèi)容包括：不可抗力事件的定義（definition of force majeure）以及不可抗力事件的后果（consequences of force majeure） 。在force majeure條款中，兩者屬于因果關(guān)系，難以截然分開(kāi)。i. 對(duì)于force majeure的定義，《合同法》定義如下：本法所稱不可抗力，是指不能預(yù)見(jiàn)、不能避免并不能克服的客觀情況。for purposes of this law, force majeure means any objective circumstance, which is unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.ii. 以下是forc