【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 s trauma. ___49___ , it is unclear whether those original fear memories are pletely lost or just suppressed(抑制).___50___ Ramirez’s team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary(初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road. Those suffering from PTSD or depression could have their memories ___51___ , for instance, so that they don39。t have a strong ___52___ response to painful recollections.If it’s one day possible to alter human memory, who should be allowed to receive that treatment? And would the ___53___ system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime? These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about before the technology is ready for human clinical settings. As neuroscientists progress with their research, they say these ___54___ issues are being taken into account. Ramirez sees the idea of ___55___ memories as neither good nor bad. Like water, it just depends on how you use it.41. A. Forgettable B. Memorable C. Sustainable D. Believable42. A. fruit B. difference C. pain D. movement43. A. associated with B. exchanged for C. sentenced to D. deprived of44. A. put off B. pick up C. turn on D. make up45. A. reacted B. hurried C. stunned D. resolved46. A. shortterm B. negative C. enjoyable D. reliable47. A. deleting B. decreasing C. activating D. pausing48. A. recreate B. eliminate C. liberate D. memorize49. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Indeed D. However50. A. Since B. Unless C. Until D. While51. A. removed B. strengthened C. altered D. stimulated52. A. emotional B. physical C. controversial D. mechanical53. A. immune B. justice C. medical D. merce54. A. mental B. ethical C. criminal D. equality55. A. killing B. multiplying C. controlling D. justifying【答案】41~45. BCADA 46~50. BCBDD 51~55. CABBC【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了神經(jīng)科學家們在老鼠身上做實驗，看是否可以改變大腦中有關痛苦的那些記憶，且該實驗已經(jīng)取得初步效果。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那些記憶深刻的時刻和他們激起的情感可以幾十年在我們的頭腦中產(chǎn)生共鳴，塑造著我們是誰。 忘記了的；B. Memorable記憶深刻的； ； D. Believable 可以相信的。根據(jù)上句“Do you remember how you felt the first time you rode bike?”（作者問第一次騎車的時候）可知，作者在講過去的記憶。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果這些創(chuàng)傷不會造成如此多的傷害，那會怎么樣呢？ 水果；，影響； 痛苦； 。根據(jù)上句“such painful memories can leave people with lifechanging mental conditions.（這些痛苦的記憶會給人們帶來改變生活的精神狀況。）“創(chuàng)傷”應該是痛苦的經(jīng)歷，所以會造成“痛苦”。 故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學家通常定義一個記憶為“一個印跡符號”在大腦組織中的和一個特定的記憶有關的物理改變。 with 和...有關； for交換； to 判刑； of剝奪?！?define a singular memory as ”本句解釋的是“memory”的定義，recllection是它的近義詞，因此應該是“和它相關的”。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們能夠瞄準那個構(gòu)成記憶符號的細胞，然后植入一個虛假的記憶。 off 推遲； up 撿起；C. turn on打開； up構(gòu)成。根據(jù)“a physical change in brain tissue ，a particular recollection. ”（科學家對“engram”的定義）可知，那個細胞儲存著記憶，構(gòu)成了記憶符號。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們的工作中，老鼠會對某個特定的刺激作出驚恐的反應，即使當它們提前沒有遭遇到這種情況。A. reacted 反應； 匆忙； 震驚； 決心。根據(jù)“They were able to target the cells that _____ one engram in a mouse39。s brain and then implant a false memory. ”（科學家們在做研究，“往它們體內(nèi)植入虛假的記憶”），所以應該是老鼠對此作出反應。故選A。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在他們當前的工作中，他和同事正在調(diào)查是否這些消極的記憶可以被積極的記憶改寫。 長期的； 消極的； 快樂的；。根據(jù)后文的“ be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知，本空應該是它的反義詞。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在對老鼠進行外科手術之后科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當老鼠在籠子里的時候激活那些積極的記憶會讓它不再那么恐懼。 刪除； 減少； 激活； 。根據(jù)“positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female ones for an hour”，（科學家們對老鼠輸入了積極的記憶），所以推測本句指“激活”這些積極記憶。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們認為這種記憶的“重新訓練”有助于去除掉老鼠的一些創(chuàng)傷。； ； 解放；。根據(jù)下文，“it is unclear whether those original fear memories are pletely lost or just suppressed”（不知這些原始恐懼是否完全消失）可知，本句指這樣做可以“消除”掉一些創(chuàng)傷。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，是否這些原始的恐懼記憶完全消除或抑制是不清楚的。 因此； 另外； 實際上；。根據(jù)上文“They think that this memory “retrainingmay be helping to ______some of the mouse39。s trauma. ”，這樣做有助于消除恐懼記憶，下句又講“能否完全消除還不清楚”，因此兩句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管他們的團隊強調(diào)他們在老鼠身上的成果只是初步的，但是他們也看到了在這條路上為人類治療的潛力。； 除非； 直到；。根據(jù)從句中“preliminary(初步的)”一詞，及主句中“潛力”一詞，可推出主從句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人們就可以讓他們的記憶被轉(zhuǎn)換，以致于他們對痛苦的經(jīng)歷沒有一種強烈的反應。 移除； 加強； 轉(zhuǎn)換；。根據(jù)“Ramirez’s team stresses that their work in mice is preliminary(初步的), they see treatment potential for humans down the road”，“科學家們在對老鼠做實驗的成效中，看到了人類治療的潛能”，所以本句是這種“潛能”應用的例子，就是可以轉(zhuǎn)換人的記憶。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，那些遭受抑郁的人們就可以讓他們的記憶被轉(zhuǎn)換，以致于他們對痛苦的經(jīng)歷沒有一種強烈的反應。 情感的； 傳統(tǒng)的；；本空修飾“response to painful recollection”’（人對痛苦回憶的反應），這種反應應該是“情感上的”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果關鍵的證人和受害者不能記得犯罪事件，那么執(zhí)法系統(tǒng)會處于不利地位嗎? 免疫的； 公正的，正義，執(zhí)法制度； 醫(yī)療的；。根據(jù) “system be at a disadvantage if key witnesses and victims cannot remember a crime? ”意思，證人和受害者不記得犯罪事件后，那么“執(zhí)法部門”就無法找到確切的犯罪證據(jù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：伴隨著神經(jīng)科學家們的研究進展，他們說這些道德上的問題也正在被考慮中。 精神的； 道德上的，倫理的 ； 罪犯的；。根據(jù)“These are questions New York University bioethicist Arthur Caplan says are worth thinking about ”作者提出，如果這種技術應用在人身上后，會出現(xiàn)的各種問題可知，這些問題都屬于“道德”方面的。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Ramirez認為這種控制記憶的想法既不是好的，也不是壞的，這取決于你怎樣使用它。 殺害； 繁殖；；...合法，辯護。根據(jù)“memories can be “overwritten” by positive ones”可知，本文主要講“改變?nèi)说挠洃洝钡膯栴}，所以這里應該是“控制記憶”。故選C。Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There have been many great violinists but none could hold a candle to Kuznetsov, a miraculous young Russian. On his emergence while still in his teens, his playing was filled with timeless wisdom beyond his years。 he now holds the stage with immense authority. So it es no surprise that he is about to add a new string to his bow. When he performs with the English Chamber Orchestra, it will be as both soloist(獨奏者) and conductor. “It’s something I’ve often thought about,” he says.Other musicians who have traded the bow or piano for the baton(指揮棒) have failed。 the transition is not easy, of which he is aware. “The most crucial thing is the human chemistry between conductor and players. You must avoid at all costs being an outsider, as though saying to the orchestra,‘You make your music while