【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 2018, the world39。s measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units...will follow the other three...in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants”可知，在法國(guó)凡爾賽宮召開(kāi)的會(huì)議上，七個(gè)基本計(jì)量單位中的四個(gè)將被重新定義，其中包括對(duì)千克的重新定義。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法). Solving math problems requires a plex level of involving the mental management of numbers, longterm rules and shortterm working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMIT39。s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (數(shù)字的) operations like addition and subtraction are plex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your longterm memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your shortterm memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their shortterm memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (認(rèn)知) may be found much more widely in nature among nonhuman animals than previously suspected. “If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing. Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered? A.The relationship between brain size and brain power.B.Longterm rules and short term working memory.C.Bees can perform plex arithmetic operations.D.Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees39。 numerical cognition ________. A.requires addition and subtraction two plex processingB.has a possible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their shortterm working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，RMIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運(yùn)算?！笨芍?，RMIT大學(xué) 的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學(xué)不需要一個(gè)巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計(jì)中，我們也可能有新的方法來(lái)包括長(zhǎng)期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動(dòng)，從而提高人工智能對(duì)新問(wèn)題的快速學(xué)習(xí)，可知，Adrian Dyer認(rèn)為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認(rèn)知對(duì)人工智能的未來(lái)發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來(lái)尋找食物、做出決定和解決問(wèn)題。但是數(shù)字認(rèn)知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運(yùn)算，需要更復(fù)雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說(shuō)明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認(rèn)知。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項(xiàng)新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單?！惫蔬xB。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盤(pán)旋) and zip through your yard and divebomb your piic table. While you39。re thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me. A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, strawlike tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her coworkers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the b. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only onetwelfth of a tea spoon of me. The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad. Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flower