【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ence Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術運算?！笨芍琑MIT大學 的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學習，可知，Adrian Dyer認為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來尋找食物、做出決定和解決問題。但是數(shù)字認知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術運算，需要更復雜的處理?？芍?，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認知。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學進展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單?！惫蔬xB。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. Escaping predators (食肉動物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal. In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are, he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (熱帶的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally. A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid bees, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth. Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into foodscarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, they all have to breathe. Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (蝦) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance, he says.（1）According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most? A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B.The survival of predators and various marine animals.C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.（2）Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean? A.Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C.The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.（3）What can be inferred from the passage? A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals39。 natural territories.B.Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C.Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A.The Oxygen Levels of Marine LifeB.Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC.The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD.The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了海洋氧含量下降是一個與氣候變化有關的令人擔憂的趨勢。同時介紹了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及對海洋生物的影響和對其生存的威脅。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (熱帶的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.可知，對于科學家來說，變暖的海洋正在失去氧氣并不奇怪，但這種下降的規(guī)模需要緊急關注。一些最近的研究表明，在過去的50年里，一些熱帶地區(qū)的氧氣含量下降了驚人的40%。其他地區(qū)的降幅較小，全球平均降幅為2%。所以根據(jù)前兩段，科學家最擔心的是變暖的海洋中日益惡化的脫氧現(xiàn)象。故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because al