【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 metabolic (新陳代謝) health. The participants were either assigned Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, outofdate medicines, paint and pesticides. Household food waste — which is translated to wet trash in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中藥) and flowers. Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (紡織品) are counted as recyclable waste.The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category. As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have e up with their own way to sort trash. We should do this from a pig39。s angle, mented one netizen. Those edible (可食用) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don39。t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste. The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.（1）What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to? waste. trash. waste. waste（2）What is the mon point of wet trash? can be broken down easily. all e from plants. all have bad smells. all have poisonous materials.（3）What is the tone of the netizen like? ....（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai. garbage sorting enforcement begins. are still confused about garbage sorting. netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了上海垃圾分類政策的規(guī)范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、濕垃圾等的分類規(guī)范。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段“Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (紡織品) are counted as recyclable waste.”可知，old coats是可回收利用的廢品。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Household food waste — which is translated to ‘wet trash’ in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中藥) and flowers.”廚余垃圾也可被稱作濕垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中藥渣、花等等，由此可知這類垃圾都能夠輕易被破壞，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We should do this from a pig39。s angle,”可知，網(wǎng)民是用一種調(diào)侃的口氣來說的。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段介紹了上海實(shí)行的垃圾分類政策，緊接著又對各項(xiàng)垃圾進(jìn)行了具體闡述，由此判斷本文主要介紹了上海正在實(shí)行垃圾分類。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It39。s hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year. Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics e from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the mon existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health. Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in monly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency39。s reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year. The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, pared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact. Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate the accumulative human exposure to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans39。 caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content. For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics monly exist in the human body? quality. quantity. shape. size.（2）How did Kieran Cox39。s team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics? studying papers. paring the impacts. analyzing the data. conducting experiments.（3）Which of the following is true according to the text? less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics. study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.39。s team gained prehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans. consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text? Potential Problems of Microplastics Coming From Various Sources Found Within Human Bodies Impact of Microplastics on Human Health【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics e from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the mon existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料顆粒的長度在50到500微米之間，有多種來源，包括可以分解成越來越小的碎片的較大塑料，因此，關(guān)于這些物質(zhì)在人體的普遍存在還有很多未