【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It39。s hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year. Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics e from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the mon existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health. Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in monly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency39。s reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year. The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, pared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact. Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate the accumulative human exposure to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans39。 caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content. For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics monly exist in the human body? quality. quantity. shape. size.（2）How did Kieran Cox39。s team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics? studying papers. paring the impacts. analyzing the data. conducting experiments.（3）Which of the following is true according to the text? less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics. study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.39。s team gained prehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans. consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text? Potential Problems of Microplastics Coming From Various Sources Found Within Human Bodies Impact of Microplastics on Human Health【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics e from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the mon existence of these materials within the human body”微塑料顆粒的長度在50到500微米之間，有多種來源，包括可以分解成越來越小的碎片的較大塑料，因此，關(guān)于這些物質(zhì)在人體的普遍存在還有很多未知之處，可知，微塑料顆粒的大小讓我們很難知道它們普遍存在于人體中，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency39。s reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”基蘭考克斯的研究小組還利用先前報(bào)告的空氣中微塑性物質(zhì)濃度數(shù)據(jù)和環(huán)境保護(hù)署報(bào)告的呼吸速率，評估了吸入過程中微塑料的潛在消耗量，根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)，研究人員計(jì)算出，我們通過食品和飲料每年消耗的微塑料顆粒從39000到52000不等，由此可知，基蘭考克斯的研究小組是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)來計(jì)算微塑料的潛在消耗量的，故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, pared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water.”這項(xiàng)研究的作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些只喝塑料瓶裝水的人每年會攝入90000個(gè)微塑料顆粒，而那些只喝自來水的人每年攝入4000個(gè)微塑料顆粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶裝水有助于減少微塑料的攝入，故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It39。s hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”微塑料在我們的環(huán)境中無處不在，在人類身上也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，可知，本文主要介紹的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體內(nèi)含有大量的微塑料顆粒，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Two young giantpanda twins born in the United States have returned home to China, but are straggling to adapt to the language and food. The 3yearold sisters, Mei Lun and Mei Huan, wens the first surviving panda twins to be born in the United States, and were returned to China from Zoo Atlanta on Nov. 5. But the pair still understand English belter than Chinese, and prefer American biscuits to Chinese bread. A zookeeper said that his main concern is that the pair are so addicted to American biscuits that everything they eat — from bamboos to apples — has to be mixed with biscuits. They even want to snack on (零食) biscuits when drinking water. The zoo keeper is trying to wean them off their biscuit habit, gradually replacing the American food with Chinese bread. Mei Huan is adapting, but Mei Lun doesn39。t want to touch the unfamiliar bread. Mei Lun is the livelier of the two, often jumping onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail, but her slightly younger sister Mei Huan is calmer, preferring to sit still, observe her new environment and occasionally snack on bamboo. A language barrier is also reported. While the pair respond to their own names, and understand some English phrases such as “e here,” they don39。t understand the Sichuan dialect of Chinese. The news caused some laughter on Chinese social media, with some users menting that the pandas would soon get used to Sichuan39。s famously spicy cuisine.（1