【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e concert has started. ( =The concert is on now.)音樂會(huì)開始了。核心題根6 (1) The unemployment rate(失業(yè)率)in this district(地區(qū)) from 6% to 5%in the past two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:在過去的兩年中，本地區(qū)的失業(yè)率已經(jīng)從6%降低到了5 %。本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。題干中給出的時(shí)間狀語是in the past two years，意為“在過去的兩年中”，也就是說在“最近的兩年中”到目前為止的兩年中，從過去一個(gè)時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在完成的動(dòng)作要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示。 (2)We our new neighbours yet，so we don39。t know their names. A. don39。t meet B. won39。t meet C. haven39。t met D. hadn39。t met 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:我們還沒見過我們的新部居，所以不知道他們的姓名。根據(jù)后句可知，本題講述的是現(xiàn)在的事情。又由于前句中的yet，可知到目前為止還沒見到新部居，yet常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句，故選C。 (3)—Where is your father, Leo? 一He is in Hainan on vacation. He for two weeks. A. has been away B. has left C. has gone D. left 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:一利奧，你父親在哪兒?一他在海南度假。他離開有兩周了。leave, go是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語for two weeks連用。而be away表狀態(tài)，可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。 [拓展鏈接]部分非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語)和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(短語)的轉(zhuǎn)換: 買buyhave 借borrowkeep 結(jié)婚get marriedbe married 認(rèn)識(shí)get to knowknow 離開leavebe away 回來e backbe back 生病fall illbe ill 死亡diebe dead 關(guān)閉turn offbe off 打開turn onbe on 動(dòng)身leave forbe off to 變成beebe 返回returnbe back 開始beginbe on 睡覺go to bedsleep 穿put onhave on/wear 來/去e/gobe in/away 參加joinbe a member of 感冒take/get/catch a coldhave a cold 入睡go to sleep be asleep 到達(dá)get to/arrive in(at)/reachbe in (4) Sanya is a beautiful city. I there twice. A. have gone B. have been C. have gone to D. have been to 思路點(diǎn)撥:① have gone to表示“去了某地”，因此人不在說話的地點(diǎn)。而have been to則表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，因此人不在那個(gè)地方。如: She has gone to 。(在去北京的路上或在北京) She has been to 。(人現(xiàn)在不在北京) ②根據(jù)語境和twice可知用的是平在完成時(shí)。此題要表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，用have been to。后面的地點(diǎn)是副詞，故to省去。 同類變式6 (1)—Where are the flowers? 一You see, someone them to the windows. A. moves B. had moved C. has moved D. would move (2)—Amy, can we give away these soft toys? We them for many years. 一Mom, but I want to keep the bear. A. bought B. had C. have bought D. have had (3)When I first met Bryan I didn39。t like him，but I my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change (4)The coffee is wonderful! It doesn39。t taste like anything I before. A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had易錯(cuò)警示 注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用短暫性動(dòng)詞，但要注意短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式具有延續(xù)性。如:他買那輛自行車兩年了。 (誤)H e has bought the bike for two years. (buy為短暫性動(dòng)詞) (正)H e has had the bike for two years. (have為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) I haven39。t seen him ever since he left 。方法技巧 如何區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)? (1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。而一般過去時(shí)卻表示在過去發(fā)生，并在過去結(jié)束的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如: John lives in London. He has lived there for seven ，他在那里住了七年。 (2)選擇現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是一般過去時(shí)，常常取決于講話人頭腦中是否有一個(gè)尚未結(jié)束的隱含時(shí)間區(qū)。如: Have you seen the film?你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎?(電影還在播放) Did you see the film?你看了這部電影?(電影播放過了) (第一句暗示現(xiàn)在電影正在放映，問話人想了解聽話人對(duì)電影的看法如何。第二句暗示電影放映過了，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，問話人只問聽話人是否看了電影那個(gè)事實(shí)。) (3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用于提供新的信息，因此，兩人對(duì)話時(shí)往往先用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如果繼續(xù)談到具體的事物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方法，須用一般過去時(shí)。如: 一Have you watched the football match?你看足球賽了嗎? —Yes, I ，我看過了。 —When did you watch it?你什么時(shí)候看的? —I watched it 。精彩筆記7 完成時(shí)態(tài)(二):過去完成時(shí)的用法 (1)一件事情發(fā)生在過去，而另外一件事情先于它發(fā)生(即表“過去的過去”)，那么發(fā)生在前的動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。如: She had learned some English before she came to the 。 (2)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有:by /until /before /by the end of+“表過去的某一時(shí)間”。如: By then he had learned English for 3 ，他已學(xué)了3年英語了。 Until then he had known nothing about it ，他對(duì)此仍一無所知。 (3)復(fù)合句中含有when, before, after, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的從句，如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞和從句謂語動(dòng)詞表示的過去的動(dòng)作是在不同的時(shí)間發(fā)生的，那么先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過去完成時(shí)。如: The film had already begun when we got to the ，電影已經(jīng)開演了。 (4)用于賓語從句中，表示從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前。如: He told me that he had heard of the good ，他已經(jīng)聽說了那個(gè)好消息。核心題根7 (1)Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn39。t enter the house，for he his key at school. A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:Bob打電話告訴媽媽，他把鑰匙落在學(xué)校里，進(jìn)不了家了。 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句是$ob called to tell his mother。 that引導(dǎo)了賓語從句，這個(gè)賓語從句本身又是個(gè)復(fù)合句，for引導(dǎo)的句子對(duì)前邊句子進(jìn)一步說明(也有人認(rèn)為是并列句)。整個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，即call, enter, leave，前兩個(gè)都是一般過去式，called和couldn39。t enter表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而空白處的leave應(yīng)該發(fā)生在它們之前，是過去的過去發(fā)生的，因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)表示。 (2) Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets out. A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:午飯時(shí)間Mary去了售票處，但是所有的票都已經(jīng)賣完了。本句為由并列連接詞but連接的并列句。第一分句的謂語是went to thebox office，是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，第二分句的謂語是 out ?！捌币呀?jīng)賣光”發(fā)生在“去售票處”之前，即過去的過去，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)表示。 (3)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing 思路點(diǎn)撥:句意:我用了很長時(shí)間才充分地感謝他們?yōu)槲易龅囊磺?。句中有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞—took, was able to和空白處“做”。很顯然“做”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was able to fully appreciate和took之前，發(fā)生在過去的過去的動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)表示。 同類變式7 (1) By the time I got to the cinema, the movie for ten minutes. A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D. has been on (2)—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn39。t you e?一Because I that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch (3) John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week，spent $3，000 more than he for