【文章內容簡介】 理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.”然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。 出于好奇心，他們做了一系列實驗。可知選C。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作為實驗的掩護，所有受試者都得告在游戲開始前就要吃完這些零食?？芍xC。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Hacking isn39。t just for puters and smartphones, According to a study published last week in the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant39。s genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plant39。s genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Specifically, scientists hacked the plant39。s protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, said scientist Krishna Niyogi, coauthor of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow. Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He pared a plant39。s protective system to lightadjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（鏡片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food. The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant39。s genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice. （1）What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants39。 genes？ A.They will bee weaker and weaker.B.They will grow fast to produce more food.C.They will have more beautiful flowers.D.They will depend less on sunlight.（2）Why does the author mention lightadjusting glasses？ A.To warn people of the hot and bright sun.B.To explain the principle of plants39。 protective system.C.To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight.D.To serve the science experiment smoothly.（3）In the future, the genetic changes will be used to. A.improve tobacco plants39。 qualityB.increase tobacco plants39。 leaves and rootsC.improve the flowers39。 living timeD.increase the production of corn and rice（4）Which of the following can be the theme of this text？ A.Hacking plants for more productionB.Leaf growing more quicklyC.Double production of tobacco plantsD.Photosynthesis and production【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學家通過改變植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物葉子生長迅速，從而提高植物產量。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant39。s genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. ”可知，科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)改變植物基因會使植物的光合作用速度加快，將來會增加全球植物的產量。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“ He pared a plant39。s protective system to lightadjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（鏡片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”可知，作者提到鏡片是為了說明植物的保護系統(tǒng)的工作原理與鏡片相同。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice. ”但是他們認為基因的改變將在玉米和水稻中產生相同的結果?？芍xD。 （4）考查主旨大意，根據(jù)文章內容可知，科學家改變植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物葉子生長迅速，從而提高植物產量。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouth39。s School of Psychology surveyed 149 respondents (應答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 強度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵擾性) of their desires on an 11point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondent39。s view was greenery. Previous scholarship(學術研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90 minute group nature walks were effective at batting depression and relieving other mood disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or don39。t have time for a 90minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a person39。s wellbeing, lead author Leanne Mart