【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ave shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。”故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor39。s head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not. Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (壓制) yourself。 almost like the character is possessing you. Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role — either Romeo or Juliet — in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前額皮質(zhì)) linked to the sense of self, pared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.（1）How did Dr Brown39。s team conduct their research? A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C.By interviewing some theatre teachers.D.By consulting some experienced researchers.（2）What is the finding of Dr Brown39。s research? A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think.B.Actors39。 brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors39。 brain activity is more active when they are in character.（3）How did Philip Davis react to the research? A.He supported it.B.He doubted it.C.He explained it.D.He advocated it.（4）What is the text mainly about? A.A debate of how the brain functions.B.A play written by Shakespeare.C.A research on the brain activity of actors.D.A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究。現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會去參加派對嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團隊是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時，他們會使用一些第三人稱知識或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時大腦活動是不同的，故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than ‘pretending’ to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授Philip Davis對這項研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是 假裝 成某個人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出Philip Davis對這項研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金屬彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it39。s viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄兩性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行為) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals. The idea that eye173。catching colors could be used as a cover173。up isn39。t a new one. The father of camouflage theor