【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O39。s. Then the team switched from reallife objects to Tshirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the Oshirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning. I39。ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes outthink and outfeel other animals. They39。re other primates(靈長目動物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(靈長目動物) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social panions. Longterm studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks. Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of food animals bring an ethical (倫理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science? Animal activists are already there, of course, mitted to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?（1）According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of . A.interactionB.analysisC.creationD.abstraction（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs . A.learn letters quicklyB.have a good eyesightC.can build up a good relationshipD.can apply knowledge to new situations（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about . A.the similarities between mammals and humansB.the necessity of longterm studies on mammalsC.a change in people39。s attitudes towards animalsD.a discovery of how animals express themselves（4）What might be the best title for the passage? A.The Inner Lives of Food AnimalsB.The Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC.Science Reports on Food AnimalsD.A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了動物也有情感有思想，有一定的分析推理能力。人類不應(yīng)只將它們當(dāng)作食物。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons choose some times to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one”可知，當(dāng)解決問題時，母雞們會推理：例如，受過挑選彩色紐扣的訓(xùn)練的母雞們有時會選擇放棄即時的食物獎勵，換取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物獎勵。由此可知，母雞們具備分析能力。故選B。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O39。s. Then the team switched from reallife objects to Tshirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the Oshirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a twodimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿著帶X標(biāo)記的木板，一些研究者拿著帶O標(biāo)記的木板，只有拿帶O標(biāo)記木板的研究者給豬提供食物，豬很快就只理會這些研究者了。當(dāng)木板換成帶X和O標(biāo)記的襯衫時，豬仍然只走向那些穿帶O標(biāo)記襯衫的研究者。這表明豬將把知識轉(zhuǎn)移到了二維的形式，這是一種相當(dāng)大的推理壯舉。故選D。(3)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes outthink and outfeel other animals...Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning, and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social panions. Longterm studies…h(huán)elped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，數(shù)十年前，作者堅信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都勝過其他的動物。很快，作者就意識到除了猴子和猩猩，鯨魚也是文化學(xué)習(xí)的主人，大象也表現(xiàn)出高興等情感。長期的研究也促進(jìn)著我們社會觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變：我們不再認(rèn)為猴子只能是實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，大象只能在馬戲團(tuán)里進(jìn)行表演，海豚只能被養(yǎng)在主題公園狹小的池子里。很明顯，本段介紹的是人們對動物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。第一段提出：科學(xué)開始擁抱原來被我們認(rèn)為是二等公民的動物們（即：我們對某些動物的看法正在發(fā)生變化）。第二和第三段以母雞和豬為例告訴讀者：通過科學(xué)研究，母雞和豬也具備情感，也具備分析推理能力。第四段介紹了人們對動物看法的轉(zhuǎn)變。第五和第六段呼吁讀者：動物有自己的情感和思想，我們不要只將動物當(dāng)成我們的食物。結(jié)合每段大意可知，該文主要是圍繞動物也有情感有思想來展開的。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷。段落大意和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we39。re all going to die one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist. In 1996, I found an advert for the International Poetry Competition. I was 16 years old and ready for my poetry to be released on the world. Not only was it a petition with a cash prize, but it was poetry, which I wrote, and international. This was my ticket to being worldfamous. I submitted a poem called Trail of Thought. If you ever wrote bad poetry as a teenager, you39。ll have written something like it. In the poem, I went for a walk and noticed small poignant(辛酸的) things in nature, and each one reminded me that we were all going to die one day. I filled out the form, printed off the poem and sent it off, fingers crossed. I waited to hear back I carried on writing, I probably finished another collection. Then I got a letter from the International Society of Poets. I opened the envelope carefully, just in case a prizewinning cheque f