【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r happiness.”調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，72% 的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為通過工作產(chǎn)生積極的社會影響對他們的幸福至關(guān)重要?？梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論：多數(shù)的畢業(yè)生都認(rèn)可工作產(chǎn)生的社會影響對他們而言是重要的。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。通過第一段的調(diào)查結(jié)論得出：對年輕人的幸福，通過工作改變世界是至關(guān)重要的。所以，文章主要闡述年輕人的幸福取決于在工作中改變世界（make a difference）,結(jié)合第二段中的“Making a difference is so important to them that 45 percent say they would take a 15percent pay cut to work at an organization that has a social or environmental influence, and 58 percent say they would take a pay cut to work for an organization whose values are the same as their own.”對他們來說，做出改變是如此重要，以至于45% 的人說他們愿意接受15% 的減薪去一個(gè)對社會或環(huán)境有影響的組織工作，58% 的人說他們愿意接受減薪去一個(gè)與他們價(jià)值觀相同的組織工作?？梢钥闯? 減薪是make a difference的重要性。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)D：Many Graduates Would Take a Pay Cut to Make a Difference和文章的主旨是一致的。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someone be rude to another person. You don39。t even have to be the target of the had behavior, stated a researcher. The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to plete online surveys over a 10day period. Participants recorded their moods when they woke up。 and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day. Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half had some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language. Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants pleted an evaluation that measured their selfconfidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness. Consequently, one of the researchers remended that panies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide plenty of positive reinforcement (強(qiáng)化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness.（1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show? A.The popularity of rudeness.B.A regular cause of rudeness.C.A new finding about rudeness.D.The mon disadvantage of rudeness.（2）Why are the short videos played for the participants? A.To make them spread rudeness.B.To educate them on workplace interaction.C.To expose them to various aspects of rudeness.D.To teach them how to use right body languages.（3）What is the probable effect of watching the videos on some participants? A.Being unwilling to work.B.Poor ability to do their work.C.Serious emotional sufferings.D.Less interaction with others.（4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos? positive and kind to themselves. keeping calm in stressful situations. owning confidence in others39。 ability. participating in the rudeness experiment.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，關(guān)于“無禮”行為作為一種“傳染性”行為是可以避免的。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“You don39。t even have to be the target of the bad behavior”你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標(biāo)，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了這種無禮行為的“傳染性”之后，是在引出一項(xiàng)關(guān)于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind.”每天早上，參與者還觀看了一段描述某種工作場所互動的短視頻；第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day…”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報(bào)告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為…… 和第五段中的“Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however.”然而，并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響。可知，讓參與者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result.”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報(bào)告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為，而且他們也更有可能逃離同事，以免自己成為無禮行為的受害者。他們報(bào)告說，他們的整體工作因此受到影響?？芍恍﹨⑴c者在觀看視頻之后會逃避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“A few weeks before the study began, the participants pleted an evaluation that measured their selfconfidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.”在研究開始前幾周，參與者完成了一項(xiàng)評估，評估內(nèi)容包括他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項(xiàng)評估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性明顯較低?？芍?，不易受到影響的人較為冷靜沉著。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The season brings along with it strong winds and snow — an environment that39。s never fortable to be in. This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature. In Shakespeare39。s King Lear (1606), the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold，suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings. The winter is bad enough for Lear，but being abandoned by his