【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 AgricultureC.The United States39。 Agriculture ProgramD.Rooftop GardensFood Paradise【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。美國由于雨水過多，為了避免浪費，美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。在大學(xué)校舍的頂部建造花園，種植多種植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的一部分。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time.可知，花園里有多種植物，可以幫助吸收雨水，故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ She is a student in the school39。s Urban Agriculture program... The researchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. ‘We also have our own farm experiments’?！笨芍?，凱特琳阿洛塔是該校都市農(nóng)業(yè)計劃的學(xué)生。研究人員正在研究包括草莓、西紅柿和甘薯在內(nèi)的植物。這所大學(xué)還有其他綠地。，我們也有自己的農(nóng)場實驗，由此可推斷出有許多大學(xué)生正在參與這項城市農(nóng)業(yè)計劃。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation39。s capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. ‘This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a mercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle. ’ Sandy Farber Bandier 喜歡向住在華盛頓特區(qū)和首都以外地區(qū)的人們展示在屋頂上可以種植什么以及如何種植食物。她認為這是食品的未來。你在這里種植，在商業(yè)廚房里準備，通過農(nóng)貿(mào)市場分發(fā)。食品卡車，然后回收利用。 由此可推斷出她對于屋頂花園的未來很自信。故選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段說美國由于雨水過多，為了避免浪費，美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。接著下文進行了詳細介紹了在大學(xué)校舍的頂部建造花園，種植多種植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農(nóng)業(yè)的一部分，有人認為這是未來的食物。由此可知，本文主要敘述了綠色屋頂城市農(nóng)業(yè)的未來。綜觀全文可知，文中g(shù)reen roofs（綠色屋頂）貫穿全文，第一段最后一句green roofs（綠色屋頂）是建在城市的農(nóng)業(yè)（Urban Agriculture），故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 We talk continuously about how to make children more resilient (有恢復(fù)力的)，but whatever we39。re doing, it39。s not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong? Nassim Taleb invented the word antifragile and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (過敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability. Children39。s social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them safe from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剝奪) them of the challenges and opportunities for selfbuilding they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection. It39。s not the kids39。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down。 screen time and adultmonitored activities went up. Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical petence. Depriving them of free play prevents their socialemotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play. They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves. What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can39。t guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clearcut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to bee strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go173。and let them grow.（1）Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2? A.To stress its importance.B.To analyze the cause of anxiety.C.To question the latest discovery.D.To help understand a new word.（2）Parents overprotect children because . A.they are concerned about their children39。s safetyB.they want to keep children from being teasedC.parentmonitored activities are a mustD.children are not independent enough（3）According to the author, free play can . A.promote children39。s resilienceB.strengthen children39。s friendshipC.reduce children39。s risky behaviorD.develop children39。s leadership skills（4）Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A.Stop trying to perfect your child.B.It takes great courage to raise children.C.Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.D.While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述的是不要過分保護孩子。作者認為讓孩子為路做準備，而不是為孩子準備路。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的”Nassim Taleb invented the word’antifragile‘a(chǎn)nd used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (過敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.“納西姆塔勒布發(fā)明了抗脆弱這個詞，并使用它來描述一個很小但非常重要的系統(tǒng)類別，它從沖擊、挑戰(zhàn)和混亂中獲益。免疫系統(tǒng)就是其中之一:它需要在兒童時期接觸某些種類的細菌和潛在的過敏原，以充分發(fā)展其能力?？芍髡咴诘诙沃刑岬矫庖呦到y(tǒng)是為了幫助理解一個新單詞antifragile。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”It39。s not the kids39。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet expose