【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 the door on praise and focus on building an encouraging family. Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, How can that be? How can saying 39。Good job39。 or 39。You39。re smart39。 be bad? I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break. If we tell a boy You are so smart! when he brings home an A in his math test, how does he feel when he es home with a D? If we39。ve told him that he is smart, then he will more likely feel a failure when he struggles with homework — I39。m supposed to be smart. Why can39。t I do this? Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a great job they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children39。s confidence. Praise trains children to ask, Do you like it? Did I do a good job? Are you proud of me? They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children. Without even realizing it, parents may be using praise as a tool to direct the child39。s behavior. The message is clear — I approve of you when you … and I do not approve of you when you … Living with this kind of constant judgment can damage not only the child39。s confidence but also the relationship. The solution to the problem of praise is encouragement. Encouragement can be given at any time, to anyone, in any situation. It is a ment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice. Hearing You are so smart! can leave a child at a loss when they don39。t do well in a test. Using That took a lot of work to e home with an A in your test … gives a child the chance to be something else.（1）What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A.Many parents can39。t get on well with their children.B.The author never shows any approval to his children.C.It39。s hard for many parents to believe praise is harmful.D.The author spent 25 years changing people39。s opinion on praise.（2）According to the passage, it seems that parents39。 praise ______. A.can lead to children39。s being smartB.might have just the opposite effectC.is a good tool to educate their childrenD.helps them get along well with their children（3）Which of the following is a good example of encouragement? A.You are very good at math.B.You are the best artist I have ever seen.C.You have a problem and you have to fix it.D.You didn39。t think you could finish in time, but you did.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了表揚(yáng)對(duì)孩子成長的害處并提出建議我們應(yīng)該多鼓勵(lì)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段作者的經(jīng)歷以及第二段中的“Even today, with many studies available to parents, I still hear people say, ‘How can that be? How can saying 39。Good job39。 or 39。You39。re smart39。 be bad?’ I understand. It can be a difficult habit to break.”可知很多父母不相信表揚(yáng)是有害的。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Praise trains children to depend on constant feedback on what a ‘great job’ they are doing. This dependency shatters rather than builds children39。s confidence. Praise trains children to ask, ‘Do you like it?’‘Did I do a good job?’ ‘Are you proud of me?’They begin to believe that what others think is more important than what they think about their achievements and mistakes. ”以及第五段中的“Praise breaks the relationship between parents and children.”可知表揚(yáng)可能會(huì)起到適得其反的效果，所以選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It is a ment, an acknowledgment, a statement that focuses on effort, improvement or choice.“可知鼓勵(lì)是一個(gè)評(píng)論，認(rèn)可，你個(gè)對(duì)于努力，進(jìn)步，選擇的陳述，所以選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2. 1billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrownaway food generates a gas that contributes to climate change. Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than twothirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly. Tailormade meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients(烹飪原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much singleuse packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won39。t overbuy and have less food waste. They finetune the amount of food to what they will actually eat. Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip. However, study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it39。s singleuse and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it39。s glass bottles, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.（1）What can we learn about home delivery meal kits? can cut down on daily expenses. will totally solve the problem of food waste. can keep energy consumption to a minimum. will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.（2）What does the underlined word finetune in paragraph 3 mean? ....（3）The author suggests carrying meals with a delivery truck to__________. transport emissions more food only in the supermarket car trip distances（4）What39。s the author39。s attitude to meal kits? ....【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，套餐可以減少食物浪費(fèi)，但包裝是個(gè)問題。家庭送餐包可以減少超過三分之二的食物浪費(fèi)，但供應(yīng)商需要改用可重復(fù)使用的包裝，使其更加環(huán)保。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than twothirds，”家庭送餐包可以減少三分之二的食物浪費(fèi)。可以得知可利用的包裝對(duì)環(huán)保有益。故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。第三段主要講述量身定制餐會(huì)降低浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)“They finetune the