【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了。可能有更多的人受到無形的傷害。可知選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個必要的機構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護類閱讀，因此選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken familystyle from a central plate can greatly improve the oute of later negotiations. Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments. For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（ rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（餅干）, this time negotiating an airline39。s route prices. The results were much the same, with the foodsharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time. （1）What does the familystyle meal in the report refer to？ A.A meal taken at home.B.A meal shared with others.C.A meal consumed by oneself.D.A meal taken in a family atmosphere.（2）For what purpose did the researchers carry out the present experiments? A.To show the way food is served.B.To prove sharing food increases petition.C.To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D.To find out whether sharing food can get people close emotionally.（3）Why were participants asked to eat up the snack before the game? A.To add to their energy.B.To reward them for their participation.C.To hide the intention of the experiment.D.To avoid the distraction during the game.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了外交宴席的心理學，研究表明，從中間菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后續(xù)談判的結(jié)果。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result.”他們形成了一套理論，認為一方面，與他人一起吃飯可能表明糧食短缺，并加強了競爭的概念。然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為?？芍猣amilystyle指的是與別人一起用餐，故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.”然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。 出于好奇心，他們做了一系列實驗。可知選C。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began.”作為實驗的掩護，所有受試者都得告在游戲開始前就要吃完這些零食?？芍xC。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 In our twenties, we find it funny when we can39。t remember our neighbor39。s cat39。s name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there es a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimer39。s disease（老年癡呆癥）？ Well, don39。t worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimer39。s disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that it39。s not forgetfulness but not being aware that we39。re forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that one mon feature of Alzheimer39。s disease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（認知的）damage will progress to fullon AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either plained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduce