【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。 （3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護意識。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識，并對它們加以保護。分析選項可知C項符合題意，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor39。s head has always been something of a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not. Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (壓制) yourself。 almost like the character is possessing you. Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role — either Romeo or Juliet — in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前額皮質(zhì)) linked to the sense of self, pared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.（1）How did Dr Brown39。s team conduct their research? A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C.By interviewing some theatre teachers.D.By consulting some experienced researchers.（2）What is the finding of Dr Brown39。s research? A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think.B.Actors39。 brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors39。 brain activity is more active when they are in character.（3）How did Philip Davis react to the research? A.He supported it.B.He doubted it.C.He explained it.D.He advocated it.（4）What is the text mainly about? A.A debate of how the brain functions.B.A play written by Shakespeare.C.A research on the brain activity of actors.D.A report of the cooperation of scientists and actors.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦進入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會去參加派對嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團隊是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動進行他們的研究的，故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some thirdperson knowledge or inferences about their character.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時，他們會使用一些第三人稱知識或?qū)巧耐茢唷Ｓ纱丝芍狟rown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時大腦活動是不同的，故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than ‘pretending’ to be someone — it involves embodying (體現(xiàn)) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授Philip Davis對這項研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是 假裝 成某個人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出Philip Davis對這項研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken familystyle from a central plate can greatly improve the oute of later negotiations. Having conducted previous research in 2017 revealing that eating similar foods led to people feeling emotionally closer to one another, Dr Woolley and Dr Fishbach wondered whether the way in which food was served also had a psychological effect. They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments. For the first test they recruited 100 pairs of participants from a local cafe, none of whom knew each other. The participants were seated at a table and fed tortilla chips with salsa. Half the pairs were given their own basket of 20 grams of chips and a bowl of 25 grams of salsa, and half were given 40 grams of chips and 50 grams of salsa to share. As a cover for the experiment, all participants were told this snack was to be consumed before the game began. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. The researchers measured cooperation by noting the number of rounds it took to reach an agreement, and found that those who shared food resolved the strike significantly faster（in 8. 7rounds）than those who did not（ rounds）. A similar experiment was conducted with 104participants and Goldfish crackers（餅干）, this time negotiating an