【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 the “nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are 8 determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is 9 to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost pletely governed by our 10 . Supporters of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, 11 , claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instinctsin determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost pletely 12 by their surroundings. The behaviorists39。 view of the human being is quite mechanistic（機(jī)械論的）. They state that, like machines, humans respond to 13 stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior. Socially and politically, the results of these two theories are 14 . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically 15 in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 16 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental 17 that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 18 that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 19 that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the debate will 20 for a long time is certain.1. A. sensitiveB. productiveC. petitiveD. impressive2. A. frequentlyB. extremelyC. generallyD. occasionally3. A. approachesB. possessionsC. characteristicsD. friends4. A. differentB. reliableC. excellentD. equal5. A. WhatB. AsC. WhichD. That6. A. objectorsB. operatorsC. opponentsD. supporters7. A. claimB. supportC. resolveD. object8. A. pletelyB. largelyC. thoroughlyD. merely9. A. sensitiveB. openC. centralD. subject10. A. abilitiesB. teachersC. personalitiesD. instincts11. A. expertsB. behavioristsC. environmentalistsD. scientists12. A. shapedB. discussedC. constructedD. learned13. A. environmentalB. biologicalC. psychologicalD. physical14. A. temporaryB. slightC. fatalD. farreaching15. A. lowerB. higherC. strongerD. smarter16. A. on the contraryB. as a wholeC. after allD. for instance17. A. protectionsB. pollutionsC. technologiesD. advantages18. A. conclusionsB. abilitiesC. responsesD. opportunities19. A. necessaryB. impossibleC. unreasonableD. likely20. A. ariseB. disappearC. continueD. respond【答案】 （1）C；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）B；（8）B；（9）C；（10）D；（11）B；（12）A；（13）A；（14）D；（15）A；（16）A；（17）D；（18）C；（19）D；（20）C； 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了關(guān)于人的個(gè)性和智力的形成的兩個(gè)針?shù)h相對(duì)的理論：遺傳論和環(huán)境論。 （1）考查形容詞。句意：很難解釋為什么有些人聰明，而有些人不聰明，為什么有的人充滿合作精神，而有些人卻老是想著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。A. sensitive“敏感的”；B. productive“多產(chǎn)的”；C. petitive“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的”；D. impressive“印象深刻的”。故選C。 （2）考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)然，社會(huì)學(xué)科學(xué)家對(duì)這些問(wèn)題及其感興趣。A. frequently“頻繁地”；B. extremely“及其，非常”；C. generally“一般地”；D. occasionally“偶爾”。故選B。 （3）考查名詞。句意：他們想解釋問(wèn)什么人們表現(xiàn)出某些特點(diǎn)，做出某些行為。A. approaches“方法，手段”；B. possessions“財(cái)產(chǎn)”；C. characteristics“特點(diǎn)，特征”；D. friends“朋友”。故選C。 （4）考查形容詞。句意：但是就這個(gè)問(wèn)題演變出兩種不同的學(xué)派。A. different“不同的”；B. reliable“可靠的”；C. excellent“杰出的”；D. equal“平等的”。故選A。 （5）考查名詞。句意：正如有的人期望的那樣，這兩種學(xué)派彼此是不同的。此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，就像”。故選B。 （6）考查名詞。句意：兩個(gè)理論彼此的支持者之間存在很多爭(zhēng)議。A. objectors“反對(duì)者”；B. operators“ 操作人員”；C. opponents“對(duì)手”；D. supporters“支持者”。故選D。 （7）考查動(dòng)詞。句意：那些致辭爭(zhēng)論中“本性”一方的人認(rèn)為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A. claim“宣稱，聲稱”；B. support“支持”；C. resolve“決心”；D. object“反對(duì)”。故選B。 （8）考查副詞。句意：那些致辭爭(zhēng)論中“本性”一方的人認(rèn)為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A. pletely“完全地”；B. largely“主要地，大部分地”；C. thoroughly“徹底地”；D. merely“僅僅”。故選B。 （9）考查形容詞。句意：性格和行為是這一理論的核心。A. sensitive“敏感的”；B. open“開(kāi)放的”；C. central“ 中心的”；D. subject“主題，話題”。故選C。 （10）考查名詞。句意：我們基本上完全由我們的直覺(jué)支配。A. abilities“能力”；B. teachers“教師”；C. personalities“性格”；D. instincts“直覺(jué)”。故選D。 （11）考查名詞。句意：“環(huán)境論”的支持者，或者被稱為“行為主義者”認(rèn)為環(huán)境更為重要。A. experts“專家”；B. behaviorists“行為主義者”；C. environmentalist“環(huán)保主義者”；D. scientists“科學(xué)家”。下文“A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner ….”有提示。故選B。 （12）考查動(dòng)詞。句意：人類的行為幾乎完全由環(huán)境所塑造。A. shaped“塑造”；B. discussed“ 討論”；C. constructed“ 建造”；D. learned“學(xué)習(xí)”。故選A。 （13）考查形容詞。句意：他們認(rèn)為人類，和機(jī)器一樣，對(duì)環(huán)境的刺激做出反應(yīng)，這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。A. environmental“環(huán)境的”；B. biological“生物的”；C. psychological“心里的”；D. physical“物理的，身體的”。故選A。 （14）考查形容詞。句意：無(wú)論是社會(huì)還是政治，這兩個(gè)理論的結(jié)果的影響都是深遠(yuǎn)的。A. temporary“臨時(shí)的”；B. slight“輕微的”；C. fatal“致命的”；D. farreaching“深遠(yuǎn)的”。故選D。 （15）考查形容詞。句意：這導(dǎo)致自然論者得出結(jié)論：黑人從基因上就低于白色人種。A. lower“較低的”；B. higher“較高的”；C. stronger“更強(qiáng)壯的”；D. smarter“更聰明的”。故選A。 （16）考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認(rèn)為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)。A. on the contrary“恰恰相反”；B. as a whole“作為整體”；C. after all“畢竟”；D. for instance“例如”。故選A。 （17）考查名詞。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認(rèn)為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢(shì)。A. protections“保護(hù)”；B. pollutions“污染”；C. technologies“技術(shù)”；D. advantages“優(yōu)勢(shì)”。故選D。 （18）考查名詞。句意：結(jié)果，他們無(wú)法做出和白人一樣的反應(yīng)。此處應(yīng)該是指在前文提到的intelligence tests “智力測(cè)試”中和人做出的反應(yīng)。A. conclusions“結(jié)論”；B. abilities“能力”；C. responses“反應(yīng)”；D. opportunities“機(jī)會(huì)”。故選C。 （19）考查形容詞。句意：事實(shí)上，極有可能的是我們行為的關(guān)鍵存在于這兩種極端理論的中間的某個(gè)地方。A. necessary“必要的”；B. impossible“不可能的”；C. unreasonable“不合理的”；D. likely“可能的”。故選D。 （20）考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這一爭(zhēng)論將繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，這是肯定的。A. arise“出現(xiàn)”；B. disappear“消失”；C. continue“繼續(xù)”；D. respond“反應(yīng)”。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語(yǔ)等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 You can really tell a lot about people39。s character by how they act at the grocery store. I 1 what happened in a crowded store when there were not 2 shopping carts (購(gòu)物車) a few days ago. A welldressed man, together with his wife and a child, was 3 a cart when another man stopped him. Excu