【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 el will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts. 　　Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” 　　Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.” 　　John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most wele step forward” and “l(fā)ong overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review. 　　Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly mon in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2020, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”. 　　31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that 　　[A] Science intends to simplify their peerreview process. 　　[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks. 　　[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis. 　　[D] lack of data analysis is mon in research projects. 　　32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to 　　[A] found. 　　[B] marked. 　　[C] revised. 　　[D] stored. 　　33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may 　　[A] pose a threat to all its peers. 　　[B] meet with strong opposition. 　　[C] increase Science’s circulation. 　　[D]set an example for other journals. 　　34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now 　　[A] adds to researchers’ workload. 　　[B] diminishes the role of reviewers. 　　[C] has room for further improvement. 　　[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future 　　35. Which of the following is the best title of the text? 　　[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers. 　　[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect 　　[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks 　　[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science Text 4 　　Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”. 　　Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could bee one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding panies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking . 　　As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty oneseditor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. 　　In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. 　　In today’s world, title has bee normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability. 　　The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any mon humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. 　　36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by 　　[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechan