【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 it means thereamp。rsquo。s a negative correlation between taste and nutrition.
　　這是很悲劇的，因為這說明口味與營養(yǎng)之間是呈負相關的。
　　The books you enjoy are not gonna be the books that are best for you.
　　那些你讀起來覺得愉悅的書，并不會是對你好的書。
　　So as publishers started to use the readability scores to guide their publishing it was inevitable they were going to start making the material tastier but less nutritious because thatamp。rsquo。s what we the consumers wanted.
　　所以，當出版商開始用可讀性分數(shù)來指導出版工作，他們就不可避免地在讓書變得更可口卻更沒有營養(yǎng)，因為這就是消費者想要的。
　　And this is similar to what happened when farmers substituted corn for grass in the livestock. The beef tasted better but it became less nutritious.
　　這就像是農(nóng)民用玉米代替草料來喂養(yǎng)牲畜，牛肉的口感變好了，但卻變得更沒有營養(yǎng)了。
　　The publishers of newspapers and magazines hired readability consultants to purposefully simplify their written content. And as a result, in the past 60 years, the reading level of newspapers and magazines has dropped by 2 to 4 grades.
　　報紙與雜志的出版商更是專門聘請了可讀性顧問來簡化他們的內(nèi)容。結(jié)果就是，在過去的60年里，報紙與雜志的可讀性下降了2到4級。
　　Decreasing the reading grade of the works allow the newspapermagazine publishers to greatly increase the audience but it also reduced the nutritional value of reading.
　　降低材料的閱讀等級讓報紙與雜志的出版商能夠大副提升讀者數(shù)，但同時也降低了這些閱讀材料的營養(yǎng)價值。
　　Now itamp。rsquo。s not surprising that market forces are going to cater towards taste rather than nutrition.
　　所以我們也就能理解為什么市場的力量會偏向于口味，而不是營養(yǎng)。
　　Whatamp。rsquo。s especially troubling is that our textbooks have also been dumbed down.
　　而真正讓人擔憂的是，我們的教科書也變得越來越蠢了。
　　The average 8th grader is now reading from the textbooks at the 5th grade reading level.
　　普通8年級的學生現(xiàn)在正在讀著實際只有5年級水平的教科書。
　　The literature text that was required of 12th graders is nowadays simpler than the average 8th grade reading book before World War II.
　　現(xiàn)在2020年級被要求讀的文學作品，比二戰(zhàn)前8年級讀的書還要簡單。
　　Despite the fact that books are easier to read than ever, the average American today reads less than ever.
　　而且，雖然現(xiàn)在的書比以往的都更容易讀，但普通美國人讀書的量也變得前所未有的低。
　　60% of 18 to 24 year olds used to read literature in 1982. By 2020, this had dropped to 43%.
　　1982年的時候，18歲到24歲的人中有60%會讀文學作品。到了2020年，已經(jīng)下降到了43%。
　　The percentage of adults who read for pleasure is decreasing by 7 percent every year.
　　成年人把讀書作為娛樂活動的比例每年都下降7%。
　　And the average annual spending has dropped from 33 dollars to 28 dollars in the last 20 years.
　　過去2020年人們用在書上的平均年消費額從33美元下降到了28美元。
　　Itamp。rsquo。s accepted that the declining popularity of written media has been caused by the rise of screen media.
　　人們普遍接受的是，紙媒的流行程度日趨下降是因為屏幕媒體變得越來越流行。
　　So itamp。rsquo。s a dietary shift. It means that not only are Americans reading simpler books, flipping through simpler magazines and learning from simpler textbooks, theyamp。rsquo。re doing less all of the above.
　　所以，我們的飲食方式正在改變。這意味著，美國人不光只能讀懂更簡單的書、只能翻更簡單的雜志、只能看更簡單的教科書，而且他們還看得越來越少了。
　　And these changes have occurred simultaneously with measurable decreases in our nationamp。rsquo。s verbal skills.
　　與這種現(xiàn)象同時發(fā)生的還有整個國家語言能力那客觀的下降。
　　This is what the mean verbal SAT scores look like after you correct for the fact that the test makers have been adjusting the scores upward to hide the decline.
　　上面這是SAT語言能力分數(shù)的平均值，我們在其中剔除了出卷人為了掩蓋下降而對分數(shù)做出的調(diào)整。
　　There was a 50 point drop between 1962 and 1979. And 1962 TV reached 90% market penetration and textbooks got simplified.
　　從1962年到1979年，分數(shù)下降了50分。而1962年電視的市場滲透率達到了90%，并且教科書被簡化了。
　　There has been another 10point drop since 2020 when Internet access went mainstream.
　　2020年互聯(lián)網(wǎng)主流化的時候，又下降了10分。
　　Hereamp。rsquo。s a parison of the reading ability of adults in 1949 and 2020, the world before TV and after TV.
　　這里有一張1949年月2020年成人閱讀能力的對比，分別代表電視出現(xiàn)之前與之后的世界。
　　The number of US adults capable of reading at the 10th grade level dropped from 54% to 20%.
　　美國成年人中能讀10級材料的人，從54%下降到了20%。
　　The number of reading at even the 6th level dropped from 83% to 52%.
　　就連能讀6級材料的人也從83%下降到了52%。
　　In other words, more Americans could read at the 10th grade in 1949 than can even read at the 6th grade level today.
　　換句話說，1949年能讀10級材料的美國人比現(xiàn)在能讀6級材料的還多。
　　And this is despite the fact that in 1949 the average American had 8 and a half years of education and now the average adult has 12 and a half years of education.
　　而且這還沒說1949年的時候美國人平均只接受8年半的教育，現(xiàn)在則平均是2020年半。
　　So 4 and a half extra years of education to do worse.
　　都受了4年半的教育，卻越來越差了。
　　So far I focused on printed material because itamp。rsquo。s the leafy green vegetables of the content diet.
　　到目前為止，我都在講紙質(zhì)的印刷材料，因為它們是內(nèi)容中的綠葉蔬菜。
　　What about screen media? How are they doing?
　　那屏幕媒體又如何呢?它們的現(xiàn)狀又是怎樣?
　　Well, printed media has obviously declined in popularity. Screen media is doing a little more better.
　　嗯，紙媒的流行度顯然是下降了。屏幕媒體的狀況要稍微好一點。
　　Watching television is now the developed worldamp。rsquo。s favorite activity taking up more free time than anything else.
　　看電視是現(xiàn)在發(fā)達國家最流行的消遣方式，它占據(jù)的時間比任何其他事情都多。
　　The only thing we do more than watchi