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( 2)作為收益評價標(biāo)桿( IRRr) (三)成本效益比較觀念 ? 任何行為都會發(fā)生成本(如何看待沉沒成本?) ? 任何行為的動因都是為了取得收益 ? 只有當(dāng)收益大于成本時,行為才是理性的 ? 成本是現(xiàn)時發(fā)生的,收益則是未來可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,因此,兩者的比較需要考慮時間差異 ? 短期經(jīng)營決策時,可以不考慮這兩者的時間差異 西方關(guān)于財務(wù)管理的十大金科玉律( axioms) ? The riskreturn tradeoff: we won’t take on additional risk unless we expect to be pensated with additional return. ? The time value of money:a dollar received today is worth more than a dollar received in the future. ? Cash—not profits– is king. ? Incremental cash flows it’s only what changes the counts. ? The curse of petitive markets—why it’s hard to find exceptionally profitable projects. ? Efficient capital marketsthe markets are quick and the prices are right. ? The agency problem—managers won’t work for the owners unless it’s in their best interest. ? Taxes bias business decisions. ? All risk is not equal—some risk can be diversified away,and some cannot. ? Ethical behavior is doing the right thing,and ethical dilemmas are everywhere in finance. 五、關(guān)于財務(wù)學(xué)的基本假定與本書結(jié)構(gòu)安排 ?(一)財務(wù)學(xué)的基本假定 ?(二)本書的邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)安排 (一)關(guān)于財務(wù)學(xué)的 基本假設(shè) ? :經(jīng)濟(jì)人與有限理性 ? :有效市場(在信息完全下,價格 =價值?人們不可能獲得超額收益,套利收益等于零。你認(rèn)為對嗎?為什么? 異 ?幾組概念的區(qū)別: ?( 1)財務(wù)與會計(見下圖) ?( 2)財務(wù)管理與管理會計 ?( 3)財務(wù)會計與管理會計 : Board of Directors Finance Committee President VPPersonnel VPManufacturing VPEngineering VPMarketing VPFinance (Chief Financial Officer) Contro