【正文】
國學(xué)者 Stern 提出,在 20 世紀90 年代發(fā)展起來的一種評價公司經(jīng)營業(yè)績的新的綜合評價指標(biāo)。究竟以哪個指標(biāo)為標(biāo)準來評價企業(yè),才能恰當(dāng)?shù)捏w現(xiàn)這一原則并驅(qū)動企業(yè)創(chuàng)造價值?自 1983 年第一波士頓的分析師提出這個問題以來 [5],對這個問題的爭論超過十年,研究人員提出過多種指標(biāo)和概念,包括 EPS(每股收益), ROE(凈資產(chǎn)收益率), FCF(自由現(xiàn)金流)等。以 EVA 為衡量標(biāo)準,可以有效的 防止企業(yè)不實報告利潤和虛增賬面值的不良行為,進而更好獲得投資長期回報。 EVA 的股利分配決策 股利政策是企業(yè)總體決策的一部分,在西方股利政策則存在兩大流派,股利相關(guān)和股利無關(guān)論。 以 EVA 設(shè)立的激勵計劃,在薪酬激勵方面,應(yīng)盡可能像普 通員工滲透,使員工更愿意在工作中尋找人生意義,并獲取應(yīng)有的承認、尊重和成就感。二是以 EVA 為基礎(chǔ)的獎金方案設(shè)置“獎金庫”更好便及時給予員工獎勵。這些調(diào)整使 EVA 能夠更加真實,完整的評價企業(yè)業(yè)績,有利于企業(yè)的價值創(chuàng)造。我們應(yīng)合理將 EVA 細分得到 EVA 指標(biāo)的最終驅(qū)動因素,并建立簡約量化的指標(biāo)體系,以提高 EVA 為最終目標(biāo)。像傳統(tǒng)指標(biāo)一樣,并規(guī)定詳細的 報告時間及溝通渠道,形成一個獨有的信息傳遞渠道。 ( 2) EVA 指標(biāo)可能存在主觀隨意性。 and investor munication is primarily in terms of earnings per share and divided policy. It appears that a typical financial management system is hardly a system. Rather it’s a hodgepodge of rules, guidelines, and procedures that employs an array of frequently contradictory measures and objectives, that fosters confusion and conflict within an organization that focuses on performance variables that bear little ration to the value of a business and often leads smart managers to do dumb things. In many panies an obsolete financial management system confounds the search for value. These deficiencies call for an entirely different approach financial management and the EVA financial management system seems to be the answer. The EVA financial management system is based on the premise that EVA provides a single, unified, and accurate measure of performance. It thinks well forward looking 第 20 頁 valuation and capital budgeting analysis with actual performance measurement. For these reasons and more EVA may be used for goal setting and business planning, performance evaluation, bonus determination, investor munication, capital budgeting ands valuation. EVA is an excellent bed rock on which an integrated financial management system can be constructed as it has the following features or characteristics: 1. It is a performance measure that ties directly, theoretically as well as empirically, to shareholders wealth creation. 2. It converts accounting information into economic reality that is readily grasped by nonfinancial managers. It is a simple yet effective way of teaching business literacy to everyone. 3. It serves as a guide to every decision from strategic planning to capital budgeting acquisitions to operating decisions. 4. As the basis for inventive pensation, it truly aligns the interest of managers with that of shareholders and makes management think and act like owners. 5. It is an effective tool for investor munication. 6. It serves as an anchor for an internal system of corporate governance that motivates everyone to work cooperatively and enthusiastically to achieve the best attainable performance. EVA and incentive pensation: The purpose of an incentive pensation plan (bonus plan) is to motivate employees to work harder and smarter so that the organizational performance is maximized. Unfortunately, the incentive pensation plans used by most panies fail to acplish these objectives. These plans induce managers to be more conservative than the shareholders。 2 會計信息轉(zhuǎn)換成經(jīng)濟的現(xiàn)實,很容易掌握的非財務(wù)經(jīng)理。 qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。 qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。 QA9wkxFyeQ^! dj sXuyUP2kNXpRWXm Aamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。 gTXRm 6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。 849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。 ksv*3t nGK8!z89Am YWpazadNuKNamp。 ksv*3t nGK8! z89Am YWpazadNuKNamp。 ksv*3t nGK8! z89Am YWpazadNuKNamp。 EVA 財務(wù)管理系統(tǒng)的核心是一個獨特的獎金計劃,克服了這些限制,并將管理人員與股東的利 益。 在許多公司,一個陳舊的財務(wù)管理制度混淆了搜索的價值。 history[R/OL]. [3] STEWARD G quest for value [M]. New York ; Harper Business,1991. [4] JACKON how and why of EVA at CS First Boston[J]. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance . [5] JACKON how and why of EVA at CS First Boston[J]. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance . [6]韓鑌 , 《 經(jīng)濟增加值( EVA)的概念,應(yīng)用和深入分析 》 , 《 國際石油經(jīng)濟 》 2020 年第 2 期 [7]趙建新 , 《 生產(chǎn)力研究》 ,《 會計與審計 》, 2020 年第 21 期 [8]張紅云 , 《 基于價值創(chuàng)造的企業(yè)業(yè)績評價 》 ,《 財會研究 》 , 2020 年 第 4 期 [9]莊勛 , 《投資理財》 《 關(guān)于構(gòu)建我國企業(yè) EVA 財務(wù)管理體系的探析 》 [10]李璐 , 《財經(jīng)界》 《 淺談經(jīng)濟利潤的意義及在我國的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 》 , 2020 年第 6 期 [11]魯曉敏 , 《 基于 EVA 的財務(wù)管理體系研究 》 , 2020 .05 [12]莊勛 , 《投資理財》 《 關(guān)于構(gòu)建我國企業(yè) EVA 財務(wù)管理體系的探析 》 [13] 郝岸 ,《理論價值驅(qū)動型的 EVA綜合計分卡》 , 首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士論文 , [14]王化成, 《 企業(yè)業(yè)績評價研究回顧及卡普蘭和諾頓的理論貢獻 》 《 平衡計分卡:化戰(zhàn)略為行動 》譯校序”廣東經(jīng)濟出版社, 第一版 [15]劉茂盛 , 《 基于 EVA 的中小企業(yè)財務(wù)管理體系研究 》 , 消費報刊 管理視野 2020 年第 1 期 [16]劉亞 , 《基于 EVA 的企業(yè)財務(wù)分析模式初探》 , 《現(xiàn)代商業(yè)》, 2020 年第 3 期 第 19 頁 EVA as basis of integrated Financial Management System EVA – Economic Value Added The financial management system refers to financial measures, policies, methods, and procedures that guide the strategy and operations of a firm. It subsumes such things as setting financial goals, developing long term strategic plans and short term profit plans, making capital investment and disinvestment decisions, measuring operating performance, determining incentive pensation, and municating with investors. Companies often do not do these things in a unified, systematic, and cohesive manner. Corporate financial goals are defined in terms of earnings per share and return on worth。這樣將有利于企業(yè)的統(tǒng)一管理和運作。企業(yè)的價值中心可以劃分為不同的層級,下級的價 第 14 頁 值中心為上級價值中心服務(wù)。 EVA 突出強調(diào)主營業(yè)務(wù)的盈利能力,通過考核EVA 使中小企業(yè)把重心放在核心產(chǎn)業(yè),提高資金的運用效率。對于研發(fā)支出, EVA 計算時可以分年度攤?cè)氤杀荆且淮涡栽诎l(fā)生年度全部計入成本。 EVA 風(fēng)險控制的優(yōu)越性可表現(xiàn)在 (1)治理結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)險 EVA 可以有效的調(diào)和經(jīng)營者與股東在目標(biāo)函數(shù)上的矛盾,使兩者的利益達成高度統(tǒng)一。 [11]同時 EVA 能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)企業(yè)內(nèi)在價值與市場價值的統(tǒng)一,在處理股權(quán)資本成本以及部分會計相關(guān)科目相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,規(guī)避傳統(tǒng)財務(wù)分析方法的主要缺陷,最大程度 反映出市場之于企業(yè)決策實施后公司價值的預(yù)期和要求。 ( 1)增加股東價值 企業(yè)籌資決策的目的就是通過充足的資金給企業(yè)做后盾 ,以規(guī)模效應(yīng)獲取的成本領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢,從而增加股東的價值。 企業(yè)要在競爭中生存下去,管理者們就必須不斷捕捉新的經(jīng)濟增長點,適時調(diào)整投資方向,把企業(yè)有限的資金投向能為自己帶來豐厚回報的優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)或產(chǎn)品。例如,可口可樂公司是較早應(yīng)用 EVA 的公司,在引入 EVA 概念后,公司的治理,重組和擴張都遵循 EVA 的原則,在此基礎(chǔ)上,可口可樂公司的股價在 15 年內(nèi)增加了 20 倍。孫錚( 2020)的《經(jīng)濟附加值:盛譽下的思索》,從價值入手,通過對價值和價值創(chuàng)造的分析與評述,闡明了經(jīng)濟增加值和企業(yè)價值的