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Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony(假冒的 ) customers. ? As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people e—those who came bought more. With larger, easiertohandle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before. ? Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the ing of the shopping cart. ? 56. The underlined words “chromeplate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to ______. (No more than 3 words) ? 57. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 10 words) ? 58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words) ? 59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words) ? 60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words) ? “閱讀表達(dá)”是一篇 270詞的說(shuō)明文,講述“ saying hello的重要性”,具有較強(qiáng)的生活指導(dǎo)意義。 新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)施必將引領(lǐng)和指導(dǎo)高考的變革與發(fā)展。和單項(xiàng)選擇相比 , 語(yǔ)法填空側(cè)重考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)在具體篇章中的意義 , 更加強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的交際功能。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確,信息內(nèi)容完整,篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。 I first met Li Meng at a friend birthday party five years ago. Then I invited Li Meng over in my place. We listen to my CDs together and soon became good friends. Three years ago, Li Meng’s parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday. Li Meng and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there. Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week. Li Meng came see me every day. Then, her father has changed jobs and they moved to another city. Since then we haven’t see each other much, but we’ve kept writing to each other. 這種改良后的短文改錯(cuò)情景自然,任務(wù)真實(shí),平均難度為 ,在原短文改錯(cuò)的難度區(qū)間內(nèi) () ,能夠適當(dāng)彌補(bǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)部分考查的不足,加強(qiáng)試卷對(duì)較高水平學(xué)生的區(qū)分度,因此具有較高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。 第二卷第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)有了新的要求,一是篇幅由原來(lái)的100詞左右增加至 120150詞,這就要求學(xué)生必須使用更多的詞匯和句型,具有更高的謀篇布局和連貫表達(dá)的能力;二是開(kāi)放性大大增加,寫(xiě)作題不再對(duì)內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的控制,給學(xué)生留出較大的自主發(fā)揮的空間。 具體特點(diǎn)如下: 1). 注重語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ),重視情景交際 絕大部分試題難易適中,語(yǔ)境真實(shí),語(yǔ)言自然,富于交際性。 3) 試題內(nèi)容貼近生活,貼近考生實(shí)際題材多樣 各題型內(nèi)容都與學(xué)生的日常生活息息相關(guān),時(shí)代感很強(qiáng)。除了常規(guī)的英語(yǔ)單詞記憶法之外,我們要充分利用現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)工具來(lái)快速提高單詞記憶,加強(qiáng)多媒體與英語(yǔ)單詞記憶的整合。 ? 當(dāng)然高考詞匯三輪復(fù)習(xí)是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體,相輔相成,相互滲透,不可完全分隔開(kāi)來(lái),只不過(guò)是每個(gè)階段有所側(cè)重。閱讀訓(xùn)練要貫穿高三整個(gè)學(xué)年。通過(guò)主旨題、推斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題的限時(shí)訓(xùn)練及點(diǎn)評(píng)促進(jìn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力和思維能力的發(fā)展。 學(xué)生英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)普遍質(zhì)量不高,主要原因在于語(yǔ)言輸入不足。如記敘類(lèi)的記人、記事;議論文類(lèi)的對(duì)某事的評(píng)論、對(duì)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的不同意見(jiàn)的總結(jié)等。 2023年復(fù)習(xí)備考成功經(jīng)驗(yàn) ? (二)加強(qiáng)新老課程比較,推測(cè)新高考變化 ? 在認(rèn)真把握新課改大目標(biāo)的前提下,積極探索新課標(biāo)的微觀變化以及新課標(biāo)背景下的高考發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。在新課標(biāo)的指導(dǎo)下,考試的重點(diǎn)也由“知識(shí)考查”轉(zhuǎn)向“能力考查”。依據(jù)新課改的要求,加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)改革,突出學(xué)生為主體,教師為主導(dǎo)的新理念,結(jié)合我市推行的學(xué)案導(dǎo)學(xué)模式,先學(xué)后教,先練后講,先思后解,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主人翁意識(shí),使他們學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí),自覺(jué)學(xué)習(xí),主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。 4) 有選擇的確定作文題目。因此,在高三英語(yǔ)備考中,應(yīng)注意把提高閱讀理解能力放在重要的位置。 每天要保證一定的閱讀量,要注意精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合。高考英語(yǔ)試卷也設(shè)置了對(duì)考生讀速的基本要求,每分鐘約 65個(gè)單詞。 ? ② 這一輪主要是突出寫(xiě)作詞匯拼寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確性,寫(xiě)作詞匯除了常用詞匯外,應(yīng)兼顧部分高級(jí)詞匯。學(xué)習(xí)課文之外,應(yīng)增大閱讀范圍,從不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中去認(rèn)識(shí)、了解單詞,即能記憶單詞,又能更全面掌握單詞,是學(xué)習(xí)單詞的好方法。所選材料題材豐富,體裁多樣,考查了考生對(duì)各類(lèi)文章的理解力和綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 ? 二是突出輸出性語(yǔ)言的地位。語(yǔ)法和詞匯是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),也是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者必須掌握的基本內(nèi)容。 ? 修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn),并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。以下是這次采訪(fǎng)的情況 : ? 時(shí)間 : 上周末對(duì)象 : 眼科醫(yī)生( eyedoctor)王教授主題 : 我國(guó)中小學(xué)生近視( shortsightedness)問(wèn)題基本信息 : ( 1)發(fā)生率 : 略高于 50%( 2)人數(shù) : 世界第一專(zhuān)家解讀 : ( 1)原因 : 很復(fù)雜( 2)治療 : 沒(méi)有哪一種藥物能治愈近視( 3)建議 : 不要過(guò)度用眼;多參加戶(hù)外活動(dòng)( 4)特別提示 : 如何握筆也和近視有關(guān) ? [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容 ] 根據(jù)以上情況寫(xiě)一篇采訪(fǎng)報(bào)道,并包括如下內(nèi)容 : ? 1. 采訪(fǎng)的時(shí)間、對(duì)象和主題; ? 2. 中小學(xué)生近視的發(fā)生率及人數(shù); ? 3. 專(zhuān)家解讀。 新題型具體分析 2. 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用中第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空題 ? 第二節(jié) 語(yǔ)法填空 (共 10小題;每小題 1. 5分,滿(mǎn)分 15分 ) 閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求,在空格處填人一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)? ? 詞或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空,并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為 3l40的相應(yīng)位置上。 我根據(jù)對(duì)近幾年陜西省高考英語(yǔ)試卷及首批課改實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)的高考試卷的分析,試圖闡明高考英語(yǔ)試卷自主命題的走向、可能出現(xiàn)的新題型,主要題型的考查重點(diǎn)和相應(yīng)的教學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)策略。 新題型具體分析 (二)廣東省高考新題型 1. 聽(tīng)力中第二節(jié) 聽(tīng)取信息題 聽(tīng)取信息 (共 5小題;每小題 1分,滿(mǎn)分 5分 ) ? 聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白,請(qǐng)根據(jù)題目要求,從所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容中獲取必要的信息,填入答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為 16— 20的空格中。廣東由于冠名恰當(dāng),試題設(shè)計(jì)完善而獨(dú)立成為閱讀試題部分的一節(jié)。 (遼寧) 新題型具體分析 ? 71 One of the best things, you can possibly do is to start your own club. It’s great fun especially if you’re the sort of person who feels there’s never anything to do during the school holidays. ? The first thing you need to e up with is an idea for your club. 72 Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. ? Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. 73 All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same things as you. ? 74 You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That’ll keep you busy for ages. ? At your first meeting you should make up a rulebook. And the very first rule should be no grownups or little/big brothers/sisters! The best clubs are always secret! ? Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can spend a lot of time making them. 75 Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. ? So there are you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you’ll think of loads of more interesting things to do! ? A. That’s easy. ? B. Enjoy your own club! ? C. Invite a designer to join you. ? D. What are you interested in? ? E. Summer vocation is just around the corner. ? F. Then you need to pick a name for your club. ? G. Use bright thick pens to make a special design 新題型具體分析 ? 2. 第二卷中寫(xiě)作第一節(jié) ? 第一節(jié) 短文改錯(cuò)(共 10小題;每小題 1分,滿(mǎn)分 10分) ? 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的一下作文。 二、新高考試題的特點(diǎn) ? (一)新題型 ? (二)新要求 ? (三)新權(quán)重 ? (四)新詞匯 ? (一)新題型 ? ,又增添了聽(tīng)寫(xiě)結(jié)合試題(廣東省聽(tīng)力中第二節(jié),聽(tīng)取信息題),大大增加了對(duì)考生聽(tīng)力的要求和標(biāo)準(zhǔn):不僅要聽(tīng)懂短文大意,而且要將短文中主要信息細(xì)節(jié)記住并準(zhǔn)確書(shū)寫(xiě)下了。對(duì)詞匯的要求也提高了。開(kāi)頭已經(jīng)寫(xiě)好,不計(jì)人總詞數(shù)。結(jié)合課文,在語(yǔ)境中觀察、了解、分析、研究、記憶、掌握單詞。 ① 第二輪詞匯復(fù)習(xí)用時(shí) 3個(gè)月,平均每天復(fù)習(xí) 20個(gè)左右詞匯。 教科書(shū)提供了豐富多