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s. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and today with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen by studying the chemistry of biological processes. This science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work – from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit. analytic geometry, branch of geometry in which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such as Cartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. Its most mon application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables as curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. For example, the linear equation ax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexyplane, and the linear equation ax+by+cz+d=0 represents a plane in space, where a, b,。 He is no richer than his brother. 他與他弟弟一樣不富有。 When winter is ing , it gets colder and colder .冬天來(lái)臨之際,天越來(lái)越冷了。例如: She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黃油與瓊通常涂的一樣多。 1) 同級(jí)比較中有兩種情況: 表示雙方情況 一模一樣 ,用 as + 原級(jí) + as的結(jié)構(gòu); 表示雙方情況 不(那么)一樣 ,用 not so / as + 原級(jí) + as的結(jié)構(gòu)。 第 32 單元 在本單元中,你將學(xué)習(xí)了解空中旅行的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)。 第 30 單元 在本單元中,復(fù)習(xí)在 units2529 中的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能,并進(jìn)行自測(cè)。 I39。t go to the party tonight . I39。例如: I saw him crossing the street 我看見(jiàn)他正在過(guò)街。具體地說(shuō),主動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是被動(dòng)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. (表示條件)要是多加注意,那次事故就可以避免了。 3) 作狀語(yǔ) 分詞,無(wú)論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞,作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),往往說(shuō)明這樣幾種情況: 分詞表示的動(dòng)作總是句子主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作之一;也就是說(shuō)句子的主語(yǔ)或是在邏輯上是分詞動(dòng) 作的執(zhí)行者,這時(shí),主語(yǔ)和分詞動(dòng)作構(gòu)成的是 主謂關(guān)系 ,是 主動(dòng)態(tài) ;或是在形式上是分詞動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ),在這種情況下,主語(yǔ)和分詞動(dòng)作構(gòu)成的是 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 ,是 被動(dòng)態(tài) 。如果與上述兩點(diǎn)不符,就不能用分詞作定語(yǔ),而要改用定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)。 The story is very much interesting . 這個(gè)故事非常有趣。如:當(dāng) work 作 工作 的意義用時(shí),無(wú)論 working 還是 worked 的 動(dòng)作意義 都是 工作 。 第 20 單元 在本單元中,你將學(xué)習(xí)了解現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的消費(fèi)觀及廢物利用問(wèn)題。我們認(rèn)為,要解決好這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須首先要強(qiáng)化兩個(gè)概念: 1)分詞的動(dòng)作意義是一回事;而分詞的形式又是一回事。這里所說(shuō)的 與分詞的相關(guān)詞 的所指與 現(xiàn)在分詞中講的所指 一樣。 經(jīng)過(guò)上面的分析,我們?cè)賮?lái)討論分詞在句子中的作用就比較容易了。 He got very much excited when he heard that Fu Mingxia won the 26th gold medal for China .當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到伏明霞為中國(guó)獲得第 26塊金牌時(shí),他非常激動(dòng)。 When leaving the airport , Yang Xia and Din Meiyuan waved with tears to the Chinese delegates left in Sydney. (表示時(shí)間)當(dāng)楊霞和丁美媛離開(kāi)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),他們含而淚向留在悉尼的中國(guó)奧運(yùn)代表們揮手告別。 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)也不是它的形式主語(yǔ)時(shí),也就是說(shuō)這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和分詞之間沒(méi)有關(guān)系,分詞可以帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成獨(dú)立 結(jié)構(gòu)( Absolute Construction)。 They heard the topic being discussed all over the munity. 他們聽(tīng)到那個(gè)話題在社區(qū)上下為人們談?wù)撝?。t be using it. 星期五你可以在我的辦公室開(kāi)會(huì)。 She is said to have published a new book .據(jù)說(shuō)她又出版了一本書(shū)。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)與計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關(guān)的詞匯;復(fù)習(xí)現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的用法;學(xué)習(xí)如何報(bào)告調(diào)查結(jié)果;學(xué)習(xí)委婉提問(wèn)的方式。 all 還可以用在一些詞組中,如: all day (整天 ) all night (整夜 ) all this(所有這些 ) all the year round (整年 ) all day long (一天到晚 ) all the time (一直 ) each 和 every each和 every 這兩個(gè)詞在中文里都有 每一個(gè) 的意思,但它們?cè)诰渥永锔髯詮?qiáng)調(diào)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)卻不同: every 從每一個(gè)個(gè)體著眼而強(qiáng)調(diào) 整體 ;而 each 卻是把一些東西一個(gè)一個(gè)地加以考慮,強(qiáng)調(diào) 各個(gè) 。 比較級(jí) 前同樣可以加倍數(shù)或程度副詞。 James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本沒(méi)有羅伯特高。 6) 比較級(jí)中的兩個(gè)特殊作用的結(jié)構(gòu)是: The + 比較級(jí) + 句子, the + 比較級(jí) + 句子 。例如: He is taller than anyone else in our class. 他在我們班比其他任何都高。 among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, ., qualities of brushstroke and texture。 also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir243。 The daily cost in an average hospital in the United States can run as high as $250 . 在美國(guó)普通醫(yī)院的每天的費(fèi)用可高達(dá) 250美元。例如: This book is far more interesting than that one. 這本書(shū)比那一本有趣多了。 I can39。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)與太空和太空旅游相關(guān)的詞匯;復(fù)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ);學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法(前綴和后綴及合成和轉(zhuǎn)化);練習(xí)使用代詞。 all 在談到兩個(gè)以上的人或事物時(shí),或是不可數(shù)的事物時(shí),我們都可以用 all ;它在句中可 以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)與技術(shù)相關(guān)的詞匯;復(fù)習(xí) to need 的用法;學(xué)習(xí) used to 和 be/get used to 的用法;學(xué)習(xí)表達(dá)因果關(guān)系;學(xué)習(xí)如何描述技術(shù)問(wèn)題和建議解決辦法;進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)電子郵件。 Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在這兒呆一會(huì)兒,會(huì)干擾你們嗎? 不定式的 完成式 則表示不定式的動(dòng)作業(yè)已發(fā)生,并 發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之先 。 We can surely attain our goal as long as we are united as one . 只要我們團(tuán)結(jié)成一個(gè)人,我們肯定能實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的目標(biāo)。 The song was once heard sung in English. (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))有人曾聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那首歌被人用英文唱過(guò)。 這種表達(dá)形式的意義是 分詞動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;但分詞動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 。 由于分詞有兩種形式,所以分詞作狀語(yǔ)的意義和作用也不盡相同:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)主要是對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作加以修飾、烘托;過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)主要是說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景、條件。例如: The cloverleaf intersection being built is designed by a young man . 那座正在興建的立交橋是一位年輕人設(shè)計(jì)的。 China has no time to lose to catch up with the developed countries in the world . 中國(guó)要分秒必爭(zhēng)地趕上世界的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。這里 說(shuō)的與分詞相關(guān)的名詞、代詞要依分詞在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分的不同而不同。學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):學(xué)習(xí)與媒體相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言;學(xué)習(xí)連接詞語(yǔ)的用法;whom 的用法;復(fù)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ)和引述動(dòng)詞的用法。 第 22 單元 在本單元中,你將學(xué)習(xí)了解全球化和技術(shù)發(fā)展對(duì)語(yǔ)言使用產(chǎn)生的影響。請(qǐng)看下面兩個(gè)填空題的句子: A) I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room . B) I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English . 要分清現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分 詞的區(qū)別。 Mother heard her kid opening the door . 媽媽聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她的孩子在開(kāi)門(mén)。 The letter reaching me today is from my family. (錯(cuò)誤) The letter that reached me is from my family. (正確) 我今天收到的那封信是我家里寄 來(lái)的。 在句子中,對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作而言,分詞動(dòng)作要相對(duì)次要一些 。 If merely drawn on your imagination , the report will not be convincing . 假若僅靠你的想象去寫(xiě),報(bào)告是不會(huì)有說(shuō)服力的。 I heard my sister singing that song in English outside.