【正文】 ts and species preservation, availability of clean air and water, and waste management. One of the most controversial environmental matters facing the fragrance industry was pressure to reduce its use of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The most popularly used VOC was ethyl alcohol, which functioned as a solvent. The industry claimed that water was not a good substitute for ethyl alcohol because many fragrance ingredients were not watersoluble. Ingredients designed to help materials dissolve in water affected product texture and also presented possible safety concerns. Propellants 外文資料翻譯 — 英文原文 3 and many other ingredients used within the industry were also VOCs. VOCs were blamed for contributing to groundlevel ozone. In California, VOC emissions from colognes, perfumes, toilet water, aftershaves, and body splashes were estimated at almost 1700 pounds per day. Consequently, in the early 1990s, California proposed limits on VOC usage in fragrances (Donegan, 2020). New York and other states were expected to follow (Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plan, 2020). In California, regulations took effect January 1, 1995, In addition to planned pliance with VOC regulations, many fragrance and cosmetic panies brought ‘green’ products to the market place. Estee Lauder introduced its Origins Natural Resources (Origin Natural Resources, 2020) line of skin care, body products, aromatherapy, and make up. The line was promoted as natural and nonanimal tested. Items were sold in recyclable containers. Revlon brought out New Age Naturals, skin care products made of all degradable ingredients, and Pure Skin Care, a line of products developed without animal testing (Cosmetic Testing, 2020). Revlon was one of the first large panies to fund research for alternatives with a $750,000 contribution to the Rockefeller University in 1979. While animal testing is still very much in existence at large corporations such as Procter amp。資生堂有限公司（ %），科蒂公司（ %）（ %），嘉麗寶有限公司，高絲有限公司（ 2%）和香奈爾公司（ %）名列前 10 位。在一份關(guān)于綠色消費(fèi)者的調(diào)查中，找到紐約調(diào)查組列舉的三大問題：動(dòng)物權(quán)益保護(hù)物種，清潔的空氣和水的供應(yīng)和廢物管理?，旣悇P化妝品農(nóng)村顏色線強(qiáng)調(diào)它的可回收利用的包裝是由回收材料制成的。有一種日益增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)是化妝品行業(yè)的全球化；例如，行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人關(guān)注的產(chǎn)品線和營(yíng)銷在美國(guó)的少數(shù)利基市場(chǎng)，主要是針對(duì)具體的化妝品和皮膚護(hù)理需要亞洲，非洲裔美國(guó)人和拉丁裔消費(fèi)者。 化妝品行業(yè)也加入到滿足不同的需求和特定的種族背景的人的欲望的產(chǎn)品促銷，其中包括皮膚和頭發(fā)類型以及遺傳特性等的不同。如果一個(gè)地方的人訪問該地區(qū)，當(dāng)他們與美國(guó)和英國(guó)人交談時(shí)有更高的舒適度，即使客戶可能非常精通英語，它是一個(gè)國(guó)家的問題。少數(shù)皮膚護(hù)理市場(chǎng)也有更溫和的配方的需求。據(jù)塞利格經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中心的調(diào)查顯示，在美國(guó)的購(gòu)買力上升的同時(shí)，各民族之間的購(gòu)買力也在上升：非洲裔美國(guó)人的購(gòu)買力在 1990 年到 1999 年之間上升了 73%，達(dá)到 5330 億美元。有些公司淘汰，降低，或重新設(shè)計(jì)的外包裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)他們對(duì)垃圾的處理問題，關(guān)心他人，特別是香水制造商，表達(dá)了對(duì)趨勢(shì)的關(guān)注，以及因?yàn)榘b造成的的形象。最普遍使用的 VOC 是將乙醇作為溶劑。 財(cái)務(wù)、 SWOT 分析 財(cái)務(wù)、 SWOT 分析最重要的是要將財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表作為一個(gè)整體，而不僅僅是利潤(rùn)。 for example, industry leaders have focused product lines and marketing at the ethnic niche market in USA, primarily targeting the specific makeup and skin care needs of Asian, AfricanAmerican, and Latino consumers. This segment reported sales of $210 million in 1997, and this market is expected to continue its rapid growth. In the USA purchasing power among ethnic groups is also on the rise: AfricanAmerican buying power jumped 73% between 1990 and 1999 to $533 billion, according to the Selig Center for Economic Growth. This group tends to spend a higher proportion of its ine on HBC— 10%— versus 8% among the general market. During the same period, the Selig Center reports, Hispanic buying power soared % from $208 billion to a projected $