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外文翻譯--煤巷中相似模擬錨桿支護(hù)的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)(留存版)

  

【正文】 模型強(qiáng)度 構(gòu)成比 臨時(shí)底板 1 16 337 煤礦 2 3 9 15 346 臨時(shí)頂板 3 1 15 5 237 4 1 18 5 964 5 1 24 5 237 主要頂板 6 3 25 15 15 964 7 25 15 964 鑒于實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的,我們需要監(jiān)測(cè)巷道的地表位移和作用于錨桿上的力。 相似實(shí)驗(yàn)包括 4 個(gè)方案:在每個(gè)方案中施加 的垂直壓力在巷道上。 我們還研究了機(jī)械原理和類型的錨桿支護(hù)煤巷函數(shù) 。該平臺(tái)由三大系統(tǒng)組成,如圖 1 所示,一個(gè)裝載部分,一個(gè)框架和測(cè)試設(shè)備。使用一個(gè) 毫米的導(dǎo)線,用以模擬一根錨桿,銅導(dǎo)線連接導(dǎo)線兩端,導(dǎo)到模型外,并連接到TS3890A 可編程靜態(tài)電阻應(yīng)變計(jì)。側(cè)壓力系數(shù)增加,巷道表面位移變得迅速,尤其是變形后的頂板和底板的剪切破壞,地表位移也迅速增加。 5 結(jié)論 從我們的相似模擬在構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的煤巷錨桿支持,我們得出如下結(jié)論: 1) 構(gòu)造應(yīng)力增加時(shí),巷道圍巖的破壞加速,由于剪切和彎曲能力的損失,使得階層之間形成軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面,巷道的頂板和底板的錯(cuò)位在各階層之間越發(fā)明顯。 i)developing conditions for the destruction of the rock surrounding a roadway; ii) the surface displacement of a roof,a floor and side walls ; iii)the mechanism of bolt support and the stress of the bolts in roof and side walls. The similarity experiment consisted of four schemes: vertical stress exerted on a roadway was 0. 50 MPa in each scheme. we allowed horizontal tectonic stress to increase from 0. 25, 0. 50. 1. 00 to 1. 50 MPa and the side pressure coefficient A from 0. 5, 1. 0, 2. Oto 3. 0. 3 Experimental 3. 1 System In order to approximate strata behavior of bolt support in a coal roadway,we used a true triaxial roadway simulation experimental platform developed by China University of Miningamp。頂板和底板受剪切破壞后,地表位移大大增加。 側(cè)壓力系數(shù) λ 側(cè)壓力系數(shù) λ 圖 5 錨桿上電信號(hào)的變化 這一分析表明端錨桿在很大程度上控制了巷道的邊幫,以防止變形進(jìn)入巷道空間,屋頂螺栓主要控制巷道的剪切破壞。雖然在側(cè)墻煤炭的完整性保持不變,垂直頂板的圍巖和煤礦石之間的錯(cuò)位逐漸增加。模型參數(shù)和物質(zhì)成分比例列于表 l和實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P蛨D 2 中。 1)、巖石巷道圍巖破壞的發(fā)展條件; 2)、頂板、底板和邊幫的地表位移; 3)、在頂板和邊幫的錨桿支護(hù)機(jī)理和錨桿應(yīng)力。 結(jié)果表明 , 隨著水平構(gòu)造應(yīng)力 的 增加 , 地層在頂板 和 底 板的道路逐漸分開 ,并成為區(qū)域剪切破壞。 加載系統(tǒng)由液壓泵,液壓控 制面板,液壓管道和液壓枕; 火焰 由隔板和位移傳感器,壓力傳感器,電路,一個(gè) T$3890A 可編程靜態(tài)電阻應(yīng)變儀和一臺(tái)電腦組成的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。導(dǎo)線測(cè)量的電信號(hào)反映引導(dǎo)力的狀態(tài):較大的拉力施加的導(dǎo)線上,它變 得更薄和更大的阻力,電流變得較小。當(dāng)側(cè)壓力系數(shù) λ ,頂板逐漸下降,成為一個(gè)拱形,巷道頂部的測(cè)量點(diǎn)被破壞,地表位移難以測(cè)量。最后頂板和底板的階層均形成剪切破壞區(qū),頂板錨桿失去它們的支撐功能并且逐漸脫落。Technology. This platform consists of three systems, a loading part, a frame and test devices. as shown in Fig. 1. The loading system consists of a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic control panel, a hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic pillows; the flame consists of baffles and the test system consists of a displacement sensor,a stress sensor,an electric circuit, a T$3890A programmable static resistance strain gauge and a puter. This experimental system can exert unequal forces in three directions on the model and precisely simulate the problem of plane strain. For the problem of simulating a roadway,a plane strain model is closer to actual conditions than a plane stress model. The main parameters and characteristics of this system are as follows: 1)The length, width and thickness of the mode flame are 1. 0, 1. 0 and 0. 2 m. 2)The hydraulic pillows are used to load the six sides of the model, where every hydraulic pillow covers one side; the maximum stress exerted on the model surface can reach 10 MPa. 3)The hydraulic system, controlled by high pressure, Can load the model for a long time under stable conditions. 4) By using difierent kinds of sensors connected to the puter,data of various observations can be monitored in realtime. Fig. 1 Experimental platform of true triaxial roadway simulation 3. 2 Parameters In order to reflect directly and suitably the destruction of the roadway and the functional mode of the bolts affected by tectonic stress, we used a geometric similarity constant for the model, lα , of 20; the size, pι , of the roadway designed was 4 m3 m. The material used to
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