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模擬巷道的問題,是比平面應力模型更接近實際情況。 實驗 、系統(tǒng) 為了接近在煤巷中錨桿支護的地質特性,我們用一個由中國礦業(yè)大學開發(fā)真正的三軸巷道模擬實驗平臺。 主要內容及研究方案 相似模擬實驗,我們在構造應力場中研究了三種地層特性的煤層巷道 。在國內外,已經(jīng)進行了相當多的巷道構造應力研究。邊幫錨桿 是主要受張力 , 頂 板錨桿受 剪切應力的作用。中文翻譯 : 煤巷中相似模擬錨桿支護的構造應力場 陸嚴 礦業(yè)學院,中國礦業(yè)大學,徐州 劉長友 煤炭資源和煤炭安全的國家重點實驗室,徐州 文摘: 為了研究 錨桿支護 作用機理 和地層 特性在 煤礦軟巖巷道 頂板、底板和邊幫的 構造應力、變形和破壞 ,而進行的一個仿真的實驗。煤炭 的邊幫 是波動 , 但其完整性仍然完好無損 。研究表明構造應力可以近似看作是水平應力。在我們的相似模擬實驗,我們提供了理論依據(jù)和指導,有利于接近生產(chǎn)、確保安全開采實踐。我們允許水平構造應力增加 , , 至 ,側壓力系數(shù)從 , , 到 。該實驗系統(tǒng)可以在三個方向上的模型施加不平等的力量,并精確地模擬平面應變問題。模型表面上施加最大壓力可達 10 兆帕。用于模擬巖石的材料包括沙、 CaC0水泥和含水量為 1/10 和容重約為 的石膏。監(jiān)控設備的布局如圖 3 所示。 位移計 圖 3 測量設備的配置 結果與討論 不同構造應力作用下,煤巷圍巖的破壞狀態(tài)如圖 4 所示。當λ = 巷道的頂板逐漸 變?yōu)榧羟衅茐膮^(qū);當λ = ,軟巖巷道頂板開始下降,底板也成為一個剪切破壞區(qū),不同巖層之間的錯位變得更加明顯。 (a) λ = (b) λ = (c) λ = (d) λ = 圖 4 圍巖破壞的狀態(tài) 這一分析表明,水平構造應力的增加,巷道周圍巖石的破壞變得更糟;頂板和底板之間的錯位,巖層 之間的分裂逐漸增加地層的剪切和彎曲能力減弱,最終在頂板和底板直間的巖層形成了剪切破壞區(qū),導致頂板的錨桿失去了它的支撐能力。 表 2 巷道表面位移 側壓力系數(shù) 頂板位移 (mm) 底板位移 (mm) 左邊幫位移 (mm) 右邊幫位移 (mm) 1 2 3 表 2 顯示,受到越來越多的構造應力,巷道頂板位移收斂到最大。 從 實驗中的錨桿強烈變形,我們得出這樣的結論:邊幫錨桿變形主要是由張力和變形主要由頂板錨桿剪切破壞引起。頂板錨桿主要是由剪切引起的變形。錨桿的功能是限制地層沿軸線膨脹,并防止剪切垂直的軸向破壞。在錨桿支護的設計,我們應該選擇具有較強的抗拉能力和較強抗剪切能力的錨桿,以釋放一些變形能量,這是適應在邊幫煤炭的大變形。隨著頂板偏移和位移的增加,煤礦從邊幫進入巷道,而另一邊幫的完整煤礦依然保持它的完整性。當巖層被破壞,屋頂螺栓提供了約束力,增加巖石的殘余力量。在煤礦邊幫塑膠脹是顯而易見的。 英文原文 : Similarity simulation of bolt support in a coal roadway in a tectonic stress field LU Yan School of Mines,China University of Mining & Technology,Xu zhou,China LIU Chang you State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety,Xu zhou ,China Abstract: In order to study the mechanism of bolt support and the behavior of strata in a coal roadway under tectonic stress, deformation and destruction of a roof,floor and sides were studied using an experiment in similarity simulation. We also studied the mechanism and types of bolt support functions in the coal roadway. The results show that with an increase in horizontal tectonic stress, the strata in the roof and floor of the roadway gradually separate and bee shear failure areas. Coal in side walIs moves, but its integrity remains intact. Side bolts are mainly affected by tension and roof bolts by the effect of shear. Keywords: tectonic stress; coal roadway; bolt support; similarity simulation 1 Introduction At present bolt support is mainly used in coal roadways. where strata behavior varies under different effects of tectonic stress. Research shows that tectonic stress call be approximately considered as horizontal stress. A considerable amount of research has been carried out on roadways under tectonic stress,both at home and abroad. However,there is little research on bolt support mechanism in the presence of tectonic stress . In our investigation, we used similarity simulation to study the deformation and destruction of roofs, floors and sides, as well as the mechanism and types of bolt support in coal roadways when under horizontal tectonic stress. From our experiment in similarity simulation, we provide a theoretical basis and guidance beneficial to nearby production and insure safe mining practices。Especially between the coal seam and the No. 3 stratum and the coal seam moved a considerable distance into the roadway. (a)λ= (b)λ= (c)λ= (d)λ= Fig. 4 State of destruction of surrounding rock This analysis shows that183