【正文】 al. (1996) The WordTask wordprocessing assessor contains a Tutor’s Module as part of the suite of assessment programs. This module allows a tutor or examiner to customise the assessor to his/her needs. One of the functions provided allows the tutor to add new exercises to the exercise set as well as determining the amount of feedback to the student and the amount and type of reporting. This module does not include exercisevetting checks to warn the tutor of incipient assessment problems although a development of this program for professional examination does. Flexible Answers The result of an IT skills exercise can be assessed either by assessing the oute, that is, the final document produced, or by assessing the method used to generate the result. If the final document is assessed then the candidate has the flexibility to use whatever method he/she wishes to generate the correct result. If the method used is assessed then the candidate has less flexibility. Many skills exercises are assessed by oute and hence the candidate has the flexibility to use whatever method he/she wishes to generate the required result. Most IT tools provide the user with many equivalent functions to perform the same action, for example, there are many different ways of centring a heading using a word processor – centring mand, tab, spaces. In some instances it is the appearance of the output of the test on paper which is assessed and thus any of the function binations which produce the correct appearance are acceptable. In other cases, especially where several people cooperate in the production of a document, the method by which an effect is produced is important. For example, changing all the headings in a document to a different font with different attributes is simple if styles have been used but difficult if they have not. In such cases the method by which the effect has been generated should be assessed. This involves collecting and assessing the event stream which is the sequence of actions invoked by the user to generate the effect. Collecting the event stream is more difficult that collecting the result of the test but it allows extra analysis to be performed which may be required by the assessment criteria. Thus collecting and analyzing the event stream gives greater flexibility but is less general and requires a substantially greater development effort. Example – Spreadsheet Assessor based on Event Stream Analysis A spreadsheet assessor has been developed which collects the event stream generated during a spreadsheet exercise. Analysis of the event stream is performed to determine the sequence of actions the candidate has taken. At present this information is only used to help disambiguate errors in the final output but analysis of the event stream could be performed to assess method. This assessor is more plex that the equivalent outebased assessor resulting in higher development costs. 譯文： 靈活性和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù) 四辛河 信息系統(tǒng)學(xué)院，東英吉利大學(xué)。對(duì)于更為復(fù)雜的評(píng)價(jià)，如設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)，而不像實(shí)施評(píng)價(jià)那么簡(jiǎn)單，測(cè)試者有多種可選方案，評(píng)估不是簡(jiǎn)單依據(jù)對(duì)或錯(cuò)進(jìn)行，而應(yīng)根據(jù)正確性進(jìn)行。 現(xiàn)今有兩種不同類(lèi)型的靈活性，開(kāi)發(fā)人員開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)要考慮計(jì)算機(jī)化評(píng)估 。 級(jí)別 能夠把材料分解成幾個(gè)組成部分，并了解每個(gè)部分之間的關(guān)系的能力。一級(jí)技能可以根據(jù)工作的結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估，但也可以根據(jù)考生得出結(jié)果的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)估。 。許多技能都是通過(guò)結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估的，因此，考官可以使用任何方法，達(dá)到他 /她希望以生成所需的結(jié)果。電子表格評(píng)估是比較復(fù)雜的，但是與等效成果的評(píng)估相比，它需要較高的開(kāi)發(fā)成本。此模塊不包括行使審閱檢查，以提醒導(dǎo)師的早期評(píng)估的問(wèn)題， 但是一些 專(zhuān)業(yè)考試 中有這些模塊 。 。而在較低的水平，精確匹配算法經(jīng)常被使用在高水平下，近似匹配的算法更復(fù)雜和緩慢。 級(jí)別 記憶和回憶以前記憶信息的能力，例如，要知道事實(shí)，方法，原則，概念和程序。但是，一般用途的產(chǎn)品不像專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)某一特定的產(chǎn)品好，因此，開(kāi)發(fā)者具有艱巨的任務(wù)，即平衡開(kāi)發(fā)的靈活性和開(kāi)發(fā)成本，來(lái)提高產(chǎn)品的適用范圍。 對(duì)于考官而言，靈活性指的是能夠使用具體方式進(jìn)行輔助評(píng)估，達(dá)到他 /她要求的特定目的。對(duì)于考生而言，靈活性意味著用各種方式來(lái)回答一系列問(wèn)題來(lái)充分展現(xiàn)他 /她的知識(shí)或技能。 電腦化評(píng)估正在迅速變化著，其中部分是由于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，部分由于算法的改