【正文】 be to give the correct answer and,possibly, an indication of why the answer chosen was wrong. At higher levels the assessment is graded for degrees of correctness and there is a considerable amount of information which can be used for meaningful feedback to candidates. Consider a question asking for a proof ofa mathematical theorem. An assessor would produce an assessment based on how close the answer was to the correct answer, taking into account the method used. Feedback would consist of identifying the parts of the answer which were incorrect and feeding this information back to the candidate with explanatory ments. Thus at the lower levels exact matching algorithms are normally used whereas at the higher levels approximate matching algorithms are required which are more plex and slower. It is the use of these approximate matching algorithms which distinguishes the assessment of higher level skills from lower level skills. Another major difference between the assessment of higher and lower level skills is the data which is assessed. Lower level exercises almost always assess the oute of the exercise, for example, the formula typed into a spreadsheet cell as part of a spreadsheet exercise. Higher level skills can also be assessed on the oute of an exercise but may also be assessed on the method used by the candidate to generate the oute, for example, the sequence of key depressions and mouse clicks used. Method assessment is especially important where group working skills are being tested. A MODEL OF IT SKILLS ASSESSMENT In a typical IT skills assessment, as in many other forms of assessment, the exercise/examination follows the following sequence of actions. 1. The examiner prepares the exercise and model answer(s). 2. The candidate sits exam/ does exercise. 3. The candidate’s answer is pared to the model answer(s) to detect raw errors. 4. Raw errors are categorised according to the assessment criteria. 5. An assessment is generated from the error analysis. 6. The assessments is recorded for remedial help/mark generation/student petence tracking The flexibility in the model is dependent on。對(duì)于簡單類型的評(píng)估，如多項(xiàng)選擇題，評(píng)估過程幾乎可以完全自動(dòng)化，不需要評(píng)估人的參與。 本文介紹了在以計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)評(píng)估中，如何應(yīng)用技術(shù)來增加靈活性， 以及評(píng)估的潛在用途。因此開發(fā)人員必須能預(yù)測未來的發(fā)展可能性，并把必要的靈活性應(yīng)用到當(dāng)前產(chǎn)品中，使新的開發(fā)更加容易和便宜。 有許多不同的學(xué)習(xí)模型，這些模型是多年發(fā)展而來的。 級(jí)別 運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力和在新形勢的情況下使用規(guī)則，方法和原則的能力。選巴黎的這個(gè)答案是明顯正確的，其余的都是不正確的。低水平的應(yīng)用幾乎總是評(píng)估工作的結(jié)果，例如，被輸入到電子表格的公式是作為一個(gè)電子表格的工作的一部分。 ，對(duì)錯(cuò)誤答案進(jìn)行分類。 。 但是 自動(dòng) 提醒考官不正確的命題的做法 可以減少這種可能性。如果采用的方法被評(píng)估，則是考官所出的試題靈活性小。收集事件流是比較困難，因?yàn)橐占?關(guān)檢測結(jié)果，但它允許通過靈活性和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)輔助評(píng)估進(jìn)行額外的分析，以達(dá)到可能的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。 。在這種情況下，其實(shí)就是對(duì)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生效果的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)估。 IT 技能的鍛煉可以通過評(píng)估來評(píng)估他的結(jié)果，這就是產(chǎn)生的最后文件，或用于生成評(píng)估結(jié)果的方法。這是因?yàn)榧寄艿脑u(píng)估難度在很大程度上依賴于大量的個(gè)人之間誤差的相互作用和錯(cuò)誤之間的相互作用，但是可以通過精心練習(xí)降低到一定程度。 所有這些根據(jù)下面更詳細(xì)部分進(jìn)行考核在評(píng)估過程中，遇到的困難取決于以下幾點(diǎn) 。 。它是利用這些近似匹配算法，把高層次的技術(shù)水平的評(píng)估從低技能的評(píng)估區(qū)分開來。在較低的水平上進(jìn)行評(píng)估時(shí)，傳回的是正確或不正確，對(duì)于他們來講是些沒有什么有意義的反饋信息。 級(jí)別 把握材料的含義的能力，例如，總結(jié)材料或通過預(yù)測未來趨勢。靈活性增加了對(duì)評(píng)估系統(tǒng)功能的要求，如系統(tǒng)的 大小，在一定程度上由評(píng)估定制的開發(fā)時(shí)間和開發(fā)成本，評(píng)估系統(tǒng)要符合大量用戶的具體要求。 電腦化評(píng)估正在迅速變化著，其中部分是由于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，部分由于算法的改善，以及市場評(píng)審使用的增加。考官在評(píng)估中獲得額外的靈活性，因?yàn)樗纯梢詫?duì)學(xué)習(xí)者的結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估，也可以對(duì)專業(yè)人員的方法以及結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)估。對(duì)于考生而言，靈活性意味著用各種方式來回答一系列問題來充分展現(xiàn)他 /她的知識(shí)或技能。中文 3582 字 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 外文翻譯 外文原文 FLEXIBILITY AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTERAIDED ASSESSMENT R. D. Dowsing School of Information Systems, University of East Anglia. UK Email: ABSTRACT There are many different facets to flexibility in puteraided assessment, depending on one’s viewpoint. As an example, for the developer increasing the flexibility of an assessment product means increasing the development cost but also increasing the size of the potential market. For th