外文翻譯--煤巷中相似模擬錨桿支護(hù)的構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 Especially between the coal seam and the No． 3 stratum and the coal seam moved a considerable distance into the roadway． (a)λ= (b)λ= (c)λ= (d)λ= Fig． 4 State of destruction of surrounding rock This analysis shows that在煤礦邊幫塑膠脹是顯而易見的。隨著頂板偏移和位移的增加，煤礦從邊幫進(jìn)入巷道，而另一邊幫的完整煤礦依然保持它的完整性。錨桿的功能是限制地層沿軸線膨脹，并防止剪切垂直的軸向破壞。 從 實(shí)驗(yàn)中的錨桿強(qiáng)烈變形，我們得出這樣的結(jié)論：邊幫錨桿變形主要是由張力和變形主要由頂板錨桿剪切破壞引起。 (a) λ = (b) λ = (c) λ = (d) λ = 圖 4 圍巖破壞的狀態(tài) 這一分析表明，水平構(gòu)造應(yīng)力的增加，巷道周圍巖石的破壞變得更糟；頂板和底板之間的錯(cuò)位，巖層 之間的分裂逐漸增加地層的剪切和彎曲能力減弱，最終在頂板和底板直間的巖層形成了剪切破壞區(qū)，導(dǎo)致頂板的錨桿失去了它的支撐能力。 位移計(jì) 圖 3 測量設(shè)備的配置 結(jié)果與討論 不同構(gòu)造應(yīng)力作用下，煤巷圍巖的破壞狀態(tài)如圖 4 所示。用于模擬巖石的材料包括沙、 CaC0水泥和含水量為 1/10 和容重約為 的石膏。該實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)可以在三個(gè)方向上的模型施加不平等的力量，并精確地模擬平面應(yīng)變問題。在我們的相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)，我們提供了理論依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)，有利于接近生產(chǎn)、確保安全開采實(shí)踐。煤炭 的邊幫 是波動(dòng) ， 但其完整性仍然完好無損 。邊幫錨桿 是主要受張力 ， 頂 板錨桿受 剪切應(yīng)力的作用。 主要內(nèi)容及研究方案 相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)，我們在構(gòu)造應(yīng)力場中研究了三種地層特性的煤層巷道 。平面應(yīng)變模型模擬巷道的問題，是比平面應(yīng)力模型更接近實(shí)際情況。原巖的容重 pγ 是 2． 50 3/cmg ，容重相似性常數(shù) γα 是 ，強(qiáng)度相似常數(shù) tσα =lα γα =33． 4。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)側(cè)壓系數(shù)λ = ，進(jìn)入巷道巖石拉伸，在頂板和底板的地層之間有一個(gè)斷層，但巖石保持完整。頂板逐漸陷入一個(gè)拱形；煤巷邊幫顯示整體向巷道空間的趨勢。圖 5 表明，邊幫錨桿變形由拉伸引起，越靠上的錨桿受力荷載越大，越低的錨桿荷載越小。因此，錨桿必須有高強(qiáng) 度，高剛度和高剪切力的屬性，以便它可以抑制變形的巖石。 2） 邊幫錨桿變形，主要是由張應(yīng)力引起。當(dāng)側(cè)壓力系數(shù)增加時(shí)，巷道的地表位移迅速增加。with the increase of horizontal tectonic stress ， the destruction of the rock surrounding the roadway bees worse； there is dislocation between the strata in both the roof and floor,separation between strata gradually increases， the shear and bending ability of the strata weakens and finally the strata in the roof and floor bee shear failure areas， causing the roof bolts to lose their support function． The roof strata gradually fall into an arch； the coal in the side walls shows an overall tendency to move towards the roadway space． The dislocation between the immediate roof and coal gradually increases， although the integrity of the coal in the side walls remains intact． 4． 2 Surface displacement of coal roadway Given our experimental results， the surface displacement of the roadway is shown in Table 2 under different levels of tectonic stress． Table 2 Displacement of the roadway surface Table 2 shows that under increasing tectonic stress， the roof displacement of the roadway converges to a maximum． The coal of the side walls of the roadway and in the roof and floor strata slide along each other and the coal from the side walls moves into the roadway space and plastic Dilatancy of the coal in the walls bee obvious． With an increase in the side pressure coefficient， the surface displacement of the roadway bees rapidly deformed， especially after the shear destruction of the roof and floor and the surface displacement rapidly increases． When the side pressure coefficient λ2． 0， the roof gradually falls， being an arch， the measuring point of the roadway top is destroyed and surface displacement is hard to measure． Functional mechanism of bolt support in coal roadway From the macro deformation of the bolts in the experiment， we conclude that the deformation of the side bolts is mainly caused by tension and the deformation of the roof bolts mainly by shear． Fig 5 shows that the side bolts are deformed because of tension， where the load on the upper shoulder bolt is largest and on the lower bolt smallest． With an increase in the side pressure coefficient， the tension in the bolts gradually increases． When the side pressure coefficient λ2．
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