【正文】 道。溢洪道的泄量，溢流前緣總寬度及堰頂高程的選定是水利水電工程的一個決定條件。作為 nonaerated 流進入尾管通過旋轉的節(jié)點，一個真空計壓力是建立在燃氣蒸汽的核心，并在案件高度曝氣 ?？紤]到這些差異的基礎上的結果，實驗室研究 rogunskii 工作的溢洪道水力發(fā)電廠（包括消能室）和溢洪道的水力工程（泰瑞經(jīng)營著 具有均勻 的能量耗散 的 整個隧道）。當下泄水流不能直接歸入原河道時，還需另設尾水渠，以便與下游河道妥善銜接。河床式溢洪道經(jīng)由壩身溢洪?；咎攸c是一個渦流發(fā)生器 位于 鋼筋混凝土距離隧道軸線為重心的 “ 關鍵 ” 的部分地區(qū)。渦旋式溢洪道光滑或加速能量耗散的整個長度的水管道是最簡單和最有前途的各類液壓結構。 it was intended that the flow rate at the end of the chute was to reach 60 m/sec. Understandably, flow rates that are this high entail adoption of special measures to protect the streamlined surfaces of the spillway from cavitation damage and the stream course from dangerous degradation. To meet this need, the Tashkent Hydroelectric Authority, working with the Division of Hydrodynamic Research (now the Central Hydraulic Institute, Society of the Scientific Research Institute on the Economics of Construction), developed several alternative versions of spillway designs intended to dissipate a significant portion of the energy of the flow within the spillway and to substantially reduce the flow rate in the tailrace tunnel and at the point where the flow is discharged into the stream course. In one of the versions that were considered, the bend in the turning segment that is part of the traditional configuration of a shaft spillway was replaced by a tangential flow vortex generator. Similarly. vortextype flow is created throughout the entire length of the tailrace segment. Hydraulic studies were performed on a model that simulated a shaft spillway at a scale of 1:50 and consisted of a shaft measuring 13 m in diameter and 148 m in height, a tangential vortex generating device, and a tailrace tunnel. The studies that were performed showed that in the shaft which delivers water to the flow rotation node, an intermediate water level is maintained when the flow rate is less than the design rate. This bench mark depends on the magnitude of the escapage discharge and the resistance of the spillway segment situated at a lower level . In the constructions that have been considered here, maximum (design) flow rates through the shaft are achieved when the shaft is flooded and there is no access to the air. In the model nearly 5 plete entrapment of air from the water surface occurred with intermediate water levels in the shaft。 and for the Rogunskii spillway, Ar:q = second parameter which characterizes the degree of rotation of the flow on individual legs of the tailrace segment is the integral flow rotation parameter II. The prerotation 17 0 behind the vortex generating device at a distance from the axis of the shaft may be determined on the basis of graphical dependences thus: 17_o = f(A) (Fig. 4).Tailrace tmmd. The overall widths of the tunnel are determined by the type of spillway design which is selected and the method decided on for dissipation of the excess energy (either by means of smooth or increasingly more intensive dissipation). Energy Dissipation Chamber. The choice of design and dimensions depends on the rate of rotation of the flow at the inlet to the chamber and on the length of the tailrace tunnel following the chamber. For a tailrace tunnel with LT/d T _ 60, it is best to use a converging tube (or cylindrical) segment as the conjugating element between the tangential vortex generator and the energy dissipation chamber. The segment will be responsible for the following functions: reduction of the rate of rotation of the flow at the inlet to the energy dissipation chamber, equalization of flow rates acpanied by a shift in the maximum axial ponent of the flow rate into the central portion, and reduction of the dynamic loads at the rotation node of the flow. From the foregoing discussion it follows that in those cases in which there is no entrapment of air, vortex spillways may be modeled with respect to all the required criteria. The situation is different in the case of aerated flow, which is also difficult to model. In hydraulic models with external atmospheric pressure, the volumetric content of air varies slightly as the flow is transported down the shaft to the critical