【正文】 it is likely to bee a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up Acharacteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly petitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 39。 and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden fetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to fet can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one?s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, fetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the monly gradual process of fetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Fetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without fetting, adaptive ability would suffer。1995 年 英語(yǔ) 試題 Section Ⅰ Use of English Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of nonREM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood, but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more 3 . The new experiments, such as these 4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of nonREM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 7 examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look pletely normal. A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems—the selfprotecting mechanisrn against disease—had crashed. 1. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any 2. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred 3. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful 4. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded 5. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose 6. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction 7. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with 8. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D]cast light on 9. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce 10. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Passage l Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at petitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twentyseven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the munity than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a wellknown television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellknown television personality wants. 11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that____. [A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising [B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming [C] advertising costs money like everything else [D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? [A] Securing greater fame. [B] Providing more jobs. [C] Enhancing living standards. [D] Reducing newspaper cost. 13. The author deems that the wellknown TV personality is____. [A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising [B] interested in nothing but the buyers39。 for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) fot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This fetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically th