【正文】 B］ an uncertain prospect ［ C］ inquiries by the general public ［ D］ shrinkage of audience 16. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue? ［ A］ Extension of its TV service to Far East. ［ B］ Programmes as the subject of a nationwide debate. ［ C］ Potentials for further international cooperations. ［ D］ Its existence as a broadcasting anization. 17. The BBC?s “royal charter” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for . ［ A］ the financial support from the royal family. ［ B］ the privileges granted by the Queen. ［ C］ a contract with the Queen. ［ D］ a unique relationship with the royal family. 18. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than . ［ A］ the emergence of mercial TV channels. ［ B］ the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government. ［ C］ the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs. ［ D］ the challenge of new satellite channels. Passage 3 In the last half of the nieenth century “capital” and “l(fā)abour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival anizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability pany with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so monly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and stateowned business. The railway panies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability pany and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners。 and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden fetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to fet can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one?s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, fetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the monly gradual process of fetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Fetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without fetting, adaptive ability would suffer。win at all costs39。s opinion,____. [A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information [B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over [C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer [D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement Passage 2 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends。 attention [C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information [D] obviously partial in his views on advertising 14. In the author39。 it is likely to bee a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up Acharacteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly petitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 39。 s personality is due to multiple factors [D] Btype characteristics can find no place in petitive society Passage 5 That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. Socalled intelligent behaviour ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be fotten。 and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nieenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world?s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “fortable” classes who had retired on their ines, and who had no relation to the rest of the munity except t