【正文】 22. 現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊用 法 a)現(xiàn)在進行時可表示將來安排好的活動或事件 ,常見的動詞有 arrive, e, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play 等，并常與表將來的時間狀語連用。 Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away. 村民們種了許多樹防止水土流失。 All possible means have been tried. 一切可能的辦法都已經(jīng)被嘗試過了。 I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow. 對你的提議我要考慮一下，明天告訴你我的決定。如： We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties. 我們會遇到各種困難 11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or ine 引進，收獲 ⑴ Country music has bee big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year. 鄉(xiāng)村音樂發(fā)展成為 一項商業(yè)，每年盈利 3 億美元。如：例 ⑴ amis；例 ⑵ hashave；例 ⑶ 前一部分為 if 引導的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，故主句使用表示將來的 will/ shall。 *如果前一部分內(nèi)容中沒有出現(xiàn)助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或 be，則應借助于助動詞 do/does/did。 ⑵ They have brought in experts to advise on the project. 他們已請來專家當這項工程的顧問 ⑶ Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year. 南方的農(nóng)民今年收獲了莊稼 ⑷ Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help. 別把他扯進來，他幫不上什么忙 ⑸ They brought in some words from their own languages. 他們把自己語言中的一些詞語帶了進來 其他相關短語： bring sth. about 使（某事）發(fā)生 bring sth. down 降低或減少 … ，使 … （從空中）落下 bring sth. up 培養(yǎng)、養(yǎng)育某人，嘔吐 bring …and …together 促使 (爭執(zhí)雙方 )和解 bring out 生產(chǎn)出 ,出版 ⑴ The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system.. 自用黨人想要改變選舉制度 ⑵ The prices have been brought. 價格已經(jīng)下降了 ⑶ Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她小時侯父母就去世了 ,是由她姑姑養(yǎng)大的 ⑷ An enemy fighter was brought down. 一架敵機被擊落了 ⑸ The loss of their son brought the parents together. 雙方因失去兒子而言歸于好 ⑹ He brought out his lunch just now. 他剛剛把吃進去的午飯吐出來了 ⑺ New personal puters are brought out almost daily. 幾乎每天都有個人計算機推出 12. except: 表示同類別事物中除去若干 ,常與 no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的詞連用 , 位于句首時不用 except,常用 except for。 ② 想，認為 + 賓語 +（ to be） + adj./ n. consider + 賓語 + as + n./adj. + that 從句 I consider it a great honor. 我認為這是件很榮幸的事情。 b)by means of 用，依靠 by all means 一定，務必，當然 by no means 決不，并未 She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs. 她不會說話，但手勢表達了她的愿望。 c)protection n. 保護，防御 under the protection of 在 的保護下 The hat will give protection against the sun. 這頂帽子可遮陽。 We’re spending next winter in Australia. 我們將在澳大利亞度過明年冬天。 b)Watch it! = Watch out! watch over 照看，看守 Watch it! You nearly knocked into the car. 當心，你差點撞到那輛車上。 He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他舉起手臂擋住臉躲過了這一擊。 17. means n. a)手段，方法 （單復數(shù)同形） a means of transport/ munication 運輸工具／通訊工具 The quickest means of travel is by air. 最快捷的旅行方式是乘飛機。 I’m considering changing my job. 我在考慮換工作。例如我們可以用強調(diào)句型強調(diào)下列句子的主語（如 ⑴ ）、賓語（如 ⑵ ）、地點狀語（如 ⑶ ）及時間狀語（如 ⑷ ） I met Peter in Japan last year. ⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year. ⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year. ⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year. ⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan. * not …until 也可用于強調(diào)句型 例１ Mr. Brown didn’t e back until eleven o’clock. 可變?yōu)椋?It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr. Brown came back. 例 2 The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 可變?yōu)椋?It was not until midnight that the rain stopped. * not …until 也可變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧? 例１ It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. 可變?yōu)椋?When was it that the PRC was founded? 例 2 Your dad worked in this factory two years ago. 可變?yōu)椋?Where was it that your dad worked two years ago? 10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 其中的 (in) doing to do sth.；其中的 difficulty 是不可數(shù)名詞 , 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much 等詞修飾 . Eg. ⑴ We had no difficulty in finding the hospital. 我們毫不費勁地找到了這所醫(yī)院 . ⑵ Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan? 你們執(zhí)行計劃有苦難嗎 ⑶ She has little difficulty in learning maths. 她學習數(shù)學幾乎沒什么困難 ⑷ I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner. 我用英語同老外交談很費勁 還可用下列句型表達 “做某事有困難 ”： have trouble (in) doing sth. There be difficulty in doing sth. do sth. with/ without difficulty ⑴ There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese. 教小學生日語有困難 ⑵ He had a little difficulty in solving the problem. 解決這個問題，他有一點困難 ⑶ Tom climbed the tree without difficulty. 湯姆毫不費勁地爬上了樹 注： 當 difficulty 指籠統(tǒng)概念時，即 “困難、費力 ”為不可數(shù)名 詞（如以上例句），當它指具體的 “難事、困難 ”時用作可數(shù)名詞。 ⑶ If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I. 如果明天你早上學，我也早去 * so/neither/nor 引導的此類倒裝句，放在主語前面的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞 be 應與前一句保持一致（人稱和數(shù)上作適當調(diào)整）。如： ① You love music, and so do I. 你熱愛音樂，我也一樣 ② …He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶 …Nor does she. 她也是 * 句子中如果用否定的派生詞，后句使用 so。 它后面可接介詞短語、副詞、不定式以及 that, when, where等引導的從句 (except for 不能這樣用 ) except for: 指不同類別的事情或性質(zhì)不同的事情 ,或表示某人 /物 在總體上是好的 ,只是其中的某個細節(jié)或某個環(huán)節(jié)不盡人意 eg. ⑴ Except for Li Ming, they are all workers. 除了李明之外 ,他們都是工人 ⑵ Everybody except John was able to answer the question. 除了約翰之外 ,每個人都回答出了問題 ⑶ The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名詞不同類 ) 這個房間空空的 ,只不過有把破椅子 ⑷ I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan. 我對他一無所知 ,只是知道他來自日本 ⑸ She goes to school by bike except when it rains. 她騎自行車去上學 ,除了下雨時不騎 ⑹ He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有實義動詞 do,則后面接不帶 to的不定式 ) 他只好走著回家了