【正文】 If he cannot go out into the sea, his life will bee meaningless. Still firm in trying for big success, he makes his resolution to struggle against his misfortune in order to be recognized by his fellow fisherman as a professional. Full of hope and confidence, he firmly believes in what he is doing now and what he will do, so he chooses the latter firmly and decides to go far out into the sea. When he faces the failure, he refuses to be rejected and bitter, instead he remains cheerful and confident. He struggles against defeat bravely and never gives up. These characters and spirit of him just reflect Hemingway?s philosophy of life: when faced with the misfortune and miserable fate, man should not be discouraged, instead, he should be optimistic and hopeful and struggle against them. “But,” he thought, “only I have no luck any more. But who knows? May be today every day is a new day.” 15 This sentence shows that Santiago is an optimistic man, he maybe luckless, but he is not pessimistic. He believes that everyday is a new start, and the new start will bring him better luck. Though his sail looks like the flag of permanent defeat, he does not accept it. So he makes up his mind to go far into the deeper sea and try his luck, being optimistic that he will catch a really large fish. Santiago was all hurt in some way, yet he was not defeated. However, there are some differences in the characterization of Santiago. He is active and chooses to be injured. Unlike the others he suffers only physical harm, not mental pain, and as a result retains his optimism until the end of the story. Santiago accepts his fate with great tranquility and his injuries he regards as insignificant occurrences. The threat of destruction is always there for Santiago to face, and it is because of this that the life attitude of Santiago towards his fate bees something pure and definite, his life being more meaningful as a result of destruction, and it is this obstacle, destruction that he has to overe. As one critic said, the world is always testing us, threatening us and presenting us with obstacles. The important thing is to persist when confronted with them, then we will succeed. Dream of the Lions on the Beach Most of the time, the lions appear to be mere cubs, playing like young cats in the dusk, and Santiago loves them as he loves Manolin. The cub lions are symbols of youthful possibility, a foreshadowing of great things to e. The image of them always makes the old man happy。 that is to say, two kinds of guy have merged into one entity. The sixties saw the new terms “tyro” and “tutor” in place of the “autobiographical guy” and “tough guy” and “Nada” in place of the wound theory. III. The Tough Guy and His Features The most obvious trademarks of the “tough guy” are: “the world crushes every person into pieces, yet a lot of people rise from the pieces to demonstrate their staying power. The world is likely to kill and breakthose most brave, benign and excellent, yet it is the guy that rises from failure.” 3 If we disregard the socalled codes or rules, we can sum up some general features about the protagonists in Hemingway?s works. First of all, the “tough guy” , has great physical potential and courage. Whether he is a soldier, a bullfighter, a hunter, or a fisherman, his physical power is always activated by critical situations and thus creates the most lifelike beauty. However this physical power will encounter harm from the greater forces. The real value, according to Hemingway, lies in the fact that the guy can always rise from destruction. Captain Henry in Farewell to Arms, Jordan in For Whom the BellTolls, and Santiago in The Old man and the Sea were all hurt in some way, yet they were not defeated. However, there are some differences in the characterization of Santiago. He is active and chooses to be injured. Unlike the others he suffers only physical harm, not mental pain, and as a result retains his optimism until the end of the story. Santiago is free from that self pity and vain struggles that haunted Hemingway?s former guys. He accepts his fate with great tranquility and his injuries he regards as insignificant occurrences. Through his portrayal of Santiago, Hemingway successfully demonstrates how man can challenge himself by confronting his failures. By way of contrast, the former guy are inert and passive under pressure。s own life attitude. That is, to fight though the failure is inevitalbe and to show dignity and grace under pressure. Santiago has strong will，self—confidence and resolution to overe all kinds of difficulties in his life. Even though he knows that he cannot win the battles, he still tries all his best to fight in order to show his dignity and courage, bravery and skill. The old man conveys us that we human beings should keep graceful even under fierce pressure, face the failures bravely and keep the spirit of unyilelding integrity. He is a loser in the battle， but， he wins our love and respect. There are the qualities with which we should be equipped, just as the motto of the old man, “Man is not made for man can be destoryed but not defeated.” 18