【正文】 的致命傷害和由于外因而引起的非致命傷害。維多利亞州的這一法律規(guī)定于 1971 年正式開始生效，在該年年底，汽車乘員死亡人數(shù)就已經(jīng)下降了 18％，而到 1975 年人數(shù)下降到 26％。國家公路交通安全管理局還不斷地進(jìn)行交 通安全和駕駛行為的研究。雖然它缺乏顯著的權(quán)力和充足的資源，但是在其影響下，道路死亡人數(shù)在1970 年到 1980 年間不斷地減少。司法，衛(wèi)生，規(guī)劃和教育等重要領(lǐng)域政府部門也富有監(jiān)管的責(zé)任。 指導(dǎo)教師評語： 該生英文翻譯譯文語句基本順暢，有個別錯句、錯字和語法錯誤，專業(yè)詞匯翻譯基本正 確，翻譯材料符合本專業(yè)要求，基本達(dá)到了本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的要求。 一些國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，減少交通傷害有一個行之有效策略，就是設(shè)立一個獨(dú)立的政府機(jī)構(gòu)，如果能夠給予它一定 的權(quán)力和預(yù)算，那么在計(jì)劃和實(shí)施政府制定的方案時取得好效果的機(jī)會較大。國家公路交通安全管理局交付了第一套完善的車輛安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，并鼓勵建立有關(guān)交通安全的戰(zhàn)略新思維。如果僅僅通過設(shè)置一個獨(dú)立的機(jī)構(gòu)，用以協(xié)調(diào)交通安全，那是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，那么還有一個辦法就是豐富現(xiàn)有道路交通安全課程的內(nèi)容，并且積極開展這方面的培訓(xùn)，賦予政府的運(yùn)輸部門更大的權(quán)力。在 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代的英國，一個國會議員跨黨聯(lián)盟與有關(guān)專業(yè)人士聚集一堂形成了一個非政府組織，命名為運(yùn)輸安全會議咨詢理事會（ PACTS）。在波哥大，通過使用對公路交通崩潰數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，有關(guān)傷害流行病學(xué)監(jiān)視的部門委員會，根據(jù)外在因素制定了一套公眾期待的減少交通事故的數(shù)量的法律法規(guī)，這些政策法規(guī)不僅改善了城市附近交通的流動性而且增加了汽車駕駛員的安全系數(shù)。媒體將密切關(guān)注事故黑點(diǎn)，并且在周末也把高速攝影機(jī)設(shè)置在城市的主要道路上，對過往的車輛進(jìn)行檢查。利用公眾的手語節(jié)目，工作啞劇演員向司機(jī)指出，他們沒有戴安全帶，引導(dǎo)行人過路處。 集體運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 一個新的大眾運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，不僅改善城市交通和流動性，但也降低了其路線沿交通傷害的人數(shù)。s behaviour on the roads. Measures promoted included the wearing of safety belts and observing pedestrian crossing. While the Highway Code already included these rules and people were generally aware of them, most people had failed to observe them and the authorities had generally failed to enforce them. In the programme, mime was used on numerous sites throughout Bogota. The mime actors working for the programme used sign language to point out to drivers that they were not wearing seatbelts, or that they had failed to give way at pedestrian crossings. At first, drivers were simply warned and told to change their behaviour. If this failed, a traffic policeman stepped in and handed out a fine, to the applause of onlookers. Nowadays, over 95% of drivers have been found to observe these rules. Converting space into pedestrian areas Since 1996, radical steps have been taken to win back areas from street traders and seasonal vendors. Large public spaces that had been taken over by vendors or vehicles have been converted into pedestrian areas, with new pavements and pedestrian bridges constructed. In addition to the traffic police, the administration employs some 500 guides in its Bogota Mission programmeyoung people trained in traffic regulations, first aid, preventive safety measures and the detailed layout of the city. Their task is to encourage safe behaviour on public roads. Mass transport system A new mass transport system, known as the transmilenio, has not only improved urban transport and mobility, but has also reduced the number of traffic injuries along its routes, with the construction of infrastructure to ensure the safety of pedestrians and other road users. Surrounding areas have also been improved with better lighting and other equipment to make the system safer, more userfriendly and more efficient.