工程外文翻譯---政策主要機(jī)構(gòu)的影響-文庫吧在線文庫
【正文】 road safety. Though it lacked significant powers or resources, the number of road deaths between 1970 and the mid1980s was reduced each year. In 1993, the SRSO merged with the more powerful and betterresourced Swedish National Road Administration(SNRA), to which the ministry of transport and munications delegated full responsibility for road safety policy. In the United States against a background of sharply rising road casualties the Highway Safety Act of 1970 created a traffic safety agency, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA). NHTSA delivered the first set of vehicle safety standards and encouraged a new way of thinking about traffic safety strategy. The agency is responsible for reducing deaths, injuries and economic losses resulting from motor vehicle crashes. It aims to acplish this by setting and enforcing safety performance equipment, and by providing grants to state and local governments to enable them to conduct effective local road safety programmes. NHTSA investigates safety defects in motor vehicles, helps states and local munities deal with the threat posed by drunken drivers, promotes the use of safety belts, child safety seats and air bags, and provides consumer information on motor vehicle safety topics. NHTSA also conducts research on traffic safety and driver behaviour. While giving responsibility for road safety to a standalone agency is likely to increase the priority given to road safety, strong political support and actions from other agencies are essential to bring about major changes(72). If the establishment of a standalone agency to coordinate activity is not possible, then an alternative is to strengthen the existing road safety unit, giving it greater powers within the government transport ministry(34). The experience from a wide rang of countries is that, whatever the organizational structure, it is important that the lead governmental organization for road safety should be clearly defined,with its specific responsibilities and coordinating roles set out (66,72). Parliamentary mittees Experience worldwide demonstrates that effective road safety policies can also arise out of the efforts of informed and mitted members of parliament. In the Australian state of New South Wales in the early 1980s, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Road Safety was responsible for the introduction and full implementation of random breath testing, which led to a 20% reduction in deaths and according to surveys was supported by over 90% of people. Earlier, in the neighbouring state of Victoria, political action and a report by a parliamentary mittee had led to the world39。 by the end of that year car occupant deaths had
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